FACTS -- NO. 7

FACTS  --  NO.  7

GEOTHERMAL

1.      For every 30 to 50 metres descent 1^o C temperature gets reduced.

2.      From the surface of the earth to the centre of the earth it is nearly 6500 Kms.

3.      At the centre of the earth the temperature is nearly 6000 ^o C.

4.      In 2001, geothermal energy cost between two and ten cents per kwh.

5.      It was not until the late 1940s that the geothermal heat pump was successfully implemented.

6.      In 2006, a binary cycle plant in Chena Hot Springs, Alaska, came on-line, producing electricity from a record low fluid temperature of 57 °C

7.      In the geothermal industry, low temperature means temperatures of 149 °C or less.

8.      The Earth's internal thermal energy flows to the surface by conduction at a rate of 44.2 terawatts (TW).

9.      The Earth's internal thermal energy is replenished by radioactive decay of minerals at a rate of 30 TW.

10.  Outside of the seasonal variations, the geothermal gradient of temperatures through the crust is 25–30 °C  per kilometer of depth in most of the world.

11.  The conductive heat flux averages 0.1 MW/km².

12.  The conductive heat flux averages 0.1 MW/km².

13.  Estimates of the potential for electricity generation from geothermal energy vary six-fold, from 0.035 to 2TW depending on the scale of investments.

14.  Human extraction taps a minute fraction of the natural outflow, often without accelerating it.

15.  The high temperature of magma isy due to the decay of naturally radioactive materials such as uranium and potassium.

16.  Temperatures of most magmas range from 700°C to 1300°C.

17.  More specifically, geothermal energy comes from magma

18.  Geothermal energy is regarded as an important renewable energy.

19.  In the binary design, hot water is used to heat a second liquid, e.g. isobutene, which drives the electric generators, instead.

20.  2011 GAMMA-RAY source was a giant black hole.

21.  The sun releases the energy of 100 billion H-bombs every second.

22.  A tiny bit of mass can make a vast amount of energy.

23.  300 thermal springs are known to occur in India

24.  Boiling point at Puga area and with discharge ranging up to 300 litres/min are present.

25.  Twenty six boreholes have been drilled to depths ranging from 100 m to 620 m.