641. ENGLISH DEVELOPMENT

ENGLISH    DEVELOPMENT

1Q  How can you develop vocabulary?

Vocabulary is the primary thing for any language. The more number of words you know, the more command you will have on the language.

1.                  The parts of speech method. All the words of English are divided into Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Conjunction and Interjection.

2.                  Try to write all the words of every object that is in front of you.

Eg.          TREE :- plant, bark, branch, nut, fruit, flower, root etc.

MOTOR CYCLE : handle, gear, mudguard, horn, tyres, tubes,  etc.

HOUSE : roof, floor, wall, corner, window, door, door frame,  etc.

3.             Whatever  you read, refer dictionary for all the unknown words, and by heart them. Later use them in your own sentences.

4.             SYNONYMS :- Words having similar meaning, but used in different situations.

Eg.          BEAUTIFUL :-  pretty, fine, good looking, nice, handsome, winsome, magnificent, ….

SEE : look, glance, glare, stare, peek, peep, leer ……

As meaning is same, by byhearting the words, many words can be learnt.

5.             Similarly  there are  antonyms, homonyms, homophones, confusing words, compound words, idioms, phrases, jargon, etc.

6.             what is most needed is your interest to gain command on English.

7.             Try  to cram quotations, and proverbs. They not only enrich your vocabulary but also sentence framing.

8.             Now a days the world of words for GRE, IELTS, TOEFL etc. are available in soft copies, special drives. Listen  to them many times.  You can enrich your vocabulary.

“Where there is a will, there is a way.”

2Q How can you develop your English ?

There are many methods to develop English.

1] Vocabulary development. The words that you learn should be written in sentences of your own. Try to use them in sentences of your own whenever possible.

2] Reading  books. Read books of different subjects widely. After reading books try to write the summaries of those books in your own words.

3] Company.  Maintain such peoples’ company who can speak English. Because language is nothing but usage.

4] By hearting.  By heart hundreds of quotations, poems, dialogues, speech parts that you like…. After that use them whenever you get a chance.

5] Rehearse. Daily  rehearse situational dialogues.  It can remove your hesitation in speaking and also remove your inferiority complex.

6] Movies. Select an English movie. See that movie as many times as you, till you can understand every dialogue.

7] listen to English news daily.

8] Listen to  English  speeches from net.

9] Don’t worry about grammar in the initial stage.  Express your thoughts freely.

10] Don’t  try to be 100% correct.

3Q          Seminar presentation

1.       Background work.

2.       Draw a rough plan of what are all the things to be presented.

3.       The first thing that one should do is to draw a detailed plan.

4.       It should have an object.

5.       The lead speaker and the other speakers.

6.       Write the agenda and protocol.

7.       If there are more than one session, then select a chairman for each.

8.       Selection of venue and time.

9.       If people from other towns are invited, provide lodging and boarding.

10.    The place of seminar,  the lodging and boarding places should be given  in a  route map.

11.    Invitation letter is to be prepared.

4Q  Explain the terms, ‘skimming’, ‘scanning’, ‘silent reading’, and explain their use.

                Skimming:- Skimming is reading fast to get the “gist” or the general idea of the text. There are different techniques to do skimming. Run the eyes over the text getting the general meaning, not stopping at words that are not easy to understand as this will slow down speed.

                The important thing with skimming is speed. Another way to skim is to just read the first and last paragraphs of a text as well as the summaries, the title, subtitles and illustrations if there are any. It main purpose is to quickly understand the general meaning.

                Scanning:- It is generally done to search for an answer, a word, a title, or for any other important data.

                These two are very important. Generally before  we buy a book we will have quick glance of the entire book. This is a skimming which helps us to understand whether to buy it or not.

                Silent reading:-It is generally followed by those we want to enjoy a novel or story.  They have sufficient vocabulary to go through a book.

5Q  Language functions

Due to their diversity the functions of language might be divided into two categories: micro functions which refer to specific individual uses, and macro functions which serve more overall aims.

MICRO FUNCTIONS: 1. Physiological function (releasing physical and nervous energy)  2. Phatic function (for sociability)  3.Recording function   4. Identifying function   5.Reasoning function (instrument of thought)     6.Communicating function    7. Pleasure functions

MACRO FUNCTIONS: 8.Ideational function   9.Interpersonal function   10.Poetic function   11.Textual function

The civilization is reflected in three priceless possessions of mankind.

The first one is the human ability to think,

The second one is the innate capacity to communicate,

The third one is his specie’s specific competence to acquire and use the language.

The process of communication permits us to use and reuse the experiences of others in present as well as in future. We can draw the experience and knowledge from the past into the present and make it ready for reuse in future with the help of the symbols of communication, which stand for some abstract idea.

                Communication is the means by which people relate to one another.  The society in general or an organization of any type cannot exist without the relations that are built and strengthened by communication.

6Q          How do you make use of a dictionary as an important tool or reference?

It is the only source  of information on language for the majority of people.

It gives us accurate spelling.

                                Eg. Vacuum is the correct spelling. But mostly it is written as ‘vaccum’

It gives us accurate pronunciation of a word. Otherwise each will follow his own pronunciation.

                                Phonetics is based on this only.

It gives us the parts of speech of a word, so that we can use it correctly.

It gives us the etymology of a word.  The root and the origin of a word.

It gives us present as well as older meanings of a word.

                                Eg. Comrade= room mate[old],   member of communist party[new]

It gives us other derived forms of a word.

                                Eg. Beauty, beautiful, beautifully, beautify, beautifulness,

It gives us the information how a word is derived.

                                Eg. Boycott- an M.P. by this name first walked out of the British parliament.                                       Now it became a word.

7Q    The only place ‘success’ comes before’ work ‘is in the dictionary.’ Write briefly on ‘how to use a dictionary’.

                Dictionary is arranged alphabetically. As per alphabets ‘success’ starts with ‘s’ and ‘work’ starts with ‘w’. That is why ‘s’ comes before ‘w’. In real life success comes only after work.

8Q          What are the major characteristics associated with active learning?

                Learning gives creativity. Creativity leads to thinking. Thinking provides knowledge. Knowledge makes us great.

                Learning is earning.

                There is no age factor for learning. By learning we can always update our knowledge. If we don’t update our knowledge we will be outdated.

                There are many ways of learning. We learn being in the company great people, attending seminars, through e-media, through print media, going through books, listening to speeches, discourses, and so on.  The only thing is that we should have that desire to learn.

If we are learned;

Our personality improves,

Our presence is felt by others,

We can influence the society,

We can  guide the innocents,

We can be more resourceful,

We can be good trouble shooters, and so on.l