ENGLISH - UK & US

Difference between    British   and    American English

British  English	American  English	British  English	American English
Advertisement	Commercial	Exercise book	Notebook
Air hostess	Flight attendant	Extra time	Overtime
-Autumn	Fall	Father Christmas	Santa Claus
Bin	Garbage Can	Filling station	Gas station
Biscuit	Cookie	Film	Movie
Booking	Reservation	Fish-fingers	Fish-sticks
Bookshop	Bookstore	Flashlight	Photoflash
Call box	Phone booth	Flat	Apartment
Car park	Parking lot	Floor	Storey
Cashier	Bank teller	Football	Soccer
Centre	Center	Fortnight	Two weeks
Chips	French fries	To give somebody a lift	To give somebody a ride
Cinema	Movie theater	Goods train	Freight train
Company	Enterprise	Ground floor	First floor
Costume	Swimsuit	Gym shoes	Sneakers
Cotton	Thread	Hard cooked egg	Boiled egg_
Crossroads	Intersection	Headmaster	Principal
Cupboard	Closet	To hire	To rent
Curtains	Drapes	Hire purchase	Installment plan
Dress circle	Balcony	Holiday	Vacation
III	Sick	Mobile(phone)	Cellular
Pavement	Sidewalk	Normal	Regular
Personnel department	Human resources department	Note	Bill
Phone box	Phone booth	Notice board	Bulletin board
Post	Mail	Pants	Shorts
Pupil	Student	Paper knife	Letter opener
To queue	To line	Parliament	Congress
Railway	Railroad	Underground	Subway
Reception	Front desk	Van	Delivery truck
To ring	To call	Wage	Salary
Row	argument	Wallet	Billfold
Rubber	Eraser	Wardrobe	Closet
Rubbish	Garbage	Zip	Zipper
Shop	Store	Trolley	Cart
Shop assistant	Sales clerk	Engaged	Busy
Solicitor	Lawyer	Traffic lights	Stop lights
Subway	Underpass	Zebra crossing	Crosswalk
To suppose	To guess	Stock	Inventory
Term	Semester	Tram	Streetcar
Test	Quiz	Engine	Motor
Timetable	Schedule	Post code	Zip code
Tin	Can

ENGLISH - NOUN - ACTIVE & PASSIVE

NOUN   -   ACTIVE  &  PASSIVE

Guest               X      host                                            employer                      x    employee

Examiner         x       examinee                                    creator                            x    creature

Consignor        x       consignee                                   mortagager                x    mortagagee

Vendor            x       vendee                                        lessor                              x    lessee

Teacher            x       taught                                         foe                                  x    joe

Drawer            x       drawee                                       lender                             x    lendee

Promiser           x       promisee                                    donor                              x    donee

Auctionor        x       auctioneer                                   accuser                           x    accused

Licenser           x       licensee                                       alienor                            x    alienee

Seller               x       buyer                                          shower                            x    spectator

Ruler               x       ruled                                           consignor                        x    consignee

Conqueror       x       conquered                                  guide                              x    follower

Producer          x       consumer                                    autotroph                        x    heterotroph        

Winner            x       loser                                            doer                                x    benefiter

Tenant             x       owner                                         plaintiff                          x    defendant

Master             x       servant                                        driver                              x    traveler

Widower         x       widow
franchiser         x       franchisee
pawner            x       pawnee

ENGLISH - NOUN - CASE

NOUN – CASE

In English there are three cases.

1.      Subjective case

2.      Objective case

3.      Possessive case

Subjective Case         Objective Case           Possessive Case

I                                               me                               my             mine

We                                           us                                 our             ours

You                                         you                              your           yours

He                                           him                              his              ---

She                                          her                               her             hers

It                                             it                                  its              ---

They                                        them                            their           theirs

Rama                                       Rama                           Rama’s      ----

Boy                                         boy                              boy’s

Boys                                        boys                             boys’         ----

ENGLISH - NOUN - GENDER

NOUN – GENDER

MODEL  I

Word to word  opposite

Boy x girl,   brother x sister,   daddy x mummy,   uncle x aunt,   father x mother,   husband x wife,   king x queen, 

lad x lass,    man x woman,   monk x nun,    papa x mamma,   sir x madam,   son x daughter,   widower x widow   wizard x witch   sloven x slut   lord x lady   brother-in-law x sister-in-law    mother-in-law x father-in-law

son-in-law x daughter-in-law

buck x doe   bull x cow,   dog x bitch   drake x duck   drone x bee   fox x vixen   gander x goose   hart x roe  

horse x mare   ram x ewe   stag x hind   boar x sow   bullock x heifer   cock x hen   colt x filly

MODEL  II

Add                 “-ess”

Eg., Author x authoress

Similarly to      baron, count,  giant, heir, host, jew, lion, manager, mayor, patron, peer, poet,  priest, prince, prophet, shepherd, steward, tutor,

MODEL  III

Add                 “-ess”               after doing some modification at the end of the word

Eg.,                  conductor x conductress

Actor, ambassador,  elector, founder, hunter, instructor, protector, songster, tempter, victor, waiter, abbot, duke,  governor, master, headmaster, price, director,

MODEL  IV

Hero x heroine   viceroy x vicereine    executor x executrix    proprietor x proprietrix    testator x testatrix   

Czar x czarina    don x donna    infant x infanta    sultan x sultana

MODEL  V

Common gender- gender is  differentiated by a prefix  or  suffix

Calf                                         bull-calf                                                     cow-calf             rabbit      buck-rabbit      doe-rabbit

Cock                cock-sparrow               hen-sparrow                 bear           he-bear               she-bear

Buffalo            he-buffalo                   she-buffalo                  devil          he-devil              she-devil

Boar                 he-boar                        she-boar                       goat            he-goat                she-goat

Ass                  jack-ass                        jenny-ass                                       peacock              peahen

Turkey             turkey-cock                 turkey-hen

Beggar             beggar-man                  beggar-woman

                                               

MODEL  VI

First word brings change

Peacock x peahen    bride-groom x bride    grandfather x grandmother    landlord x landlady

Maternal-uncle x maternal-aunt    paternal-uncle x paternal-aunt    milk-man x milk-maid                

MODEL  VII

Common gender  That means  for  male  and  female  are same word is used.

Child, animal, person, friend, servant, pupil, baby, infant, cousin, orphan, student, neighbout, enemy, relation, monarch, bird, spouse, sheep, deer, fish, teacher, foe, calf, offspring, youngone, I, we, you, they, Prime Minister, President, Chief Minister, 

MODEL  VIII

Male                female             young                                      Male          female                young

Buck                doe                  fawn                                        drake         duck                   duckling

Gander             goose               goosling                                   fox             vixen                  cub

Lion                 lioness             cub                                          bull            cow                     calf

Pig                   sow                  piglet                                        horse          mare                   foal

Ram                 ewe                  lamb                                        tiger           tigress                 cub