LIST OF PHOBIAS

LIST   OF   PHOBIAS

1.      Ablutophobia – fear of bathing, washing, or cleaning.                      

2.      Acrophobia, – fear of heights.

3.      Agoraphobia, Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder – fear of places or events where escape is impossible or when help is unavailable.

4.      Acousticophobia - fear of sound and voice.   

5.      Agraphobia – fear of sexual abuse.

6.      Aichmophobia – fear of sharp or pointed objects (such as a needle or knife).

7.      Agyrophobia – fear of crossing roads.            

8.      Androphobia – fear of men.

9.      Anthropophobia – fear of people or being in a company, a form of social phobia.

10.  Anthophobia – fear of flowers.

11.  Aquaphobia – fear of water. Distinct from Hydrophobia, a scientific property that makes chemicals averse to interaction with water, as well as an archaic name for rabies.

12.  Arachnophobia – fear of spiders.                    

13.  Astraphobia- fear of thunder and lightning.

14.  Atychiphobia – fear of failure                         

15.  Autophobia – fear of loneliness

16.  Aviophobia, Aviatophobia – fear of flying.  

17.  Bacillophobia - Fear of microbes

18.  Bacteriophobia - Fear of bacteria                    

19.  Balenephobia - Fear of pins and needles.

20.  Ballistophobia - Fear of missles or bullets.      

21.  Barophobia - Fear of gravity.

22.  Basiphobia - Inability to stand. Fear of walking or falling.               

23.  Bathophobia - Fear of depth.

24.  Batonophobia - Fear of plants.                        

25.  Batophobia - Fear of heights or being close to high buildings.

26.  Bibliophobia - Fear of books.                          

27.  Blennophobia - Fear of slime.

28.  Blood-injection-injury type phobia – a DSM-IV subtype of specific phobias.

29.  Bogyphobia - Fear of bogies or the bogeyman.                     

30.  Bromidrophobia - Fear of body smells.

31.  Bromidrosiphobia - Fear of body smells.        

32.  Brontophobia - Fear of thunder and lightning.

33.  Bufonophobia - Fear of toads.                        

34.  Cacophobia - Fear of ugliness.

35.  Cainophobia - Fear of newness, novelty.        

36.  Cainotophobia - Fear of newness, novelty.

37.  Caligynephobia - Fear of beautiful women.    

38.  Cancerophobia - Fear of cancer.

39.  Carcinophobia - Fear of cancer.                      

40.  Cardiophobia - Fear of the heart.

41.  Carnophobia - Fear of meat.

42.  Catagelophobia - Fear of being ridiculed.

43.  Catapedaphobia - Fear of jumping from high and low places.

44.  Cathisophobia - Fear of sitting.                       

45.  Catoptrophobia - Fear of mirrors.

46.  Cenophobia - Fear of new things or ideas.      

47.  Centophobia - Fear of new things or ideas.

48.  Ceraunophobia - Fear of thunder.                   

49.  Chaetophobia - Fear of hair.

50.  Cheimaphobia - Fear of cold.                          

51.  Cheimatophobia - Fear of cold.

52.  Chemophobia - Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals.

53.  Cherophobia - Fear of gaiety.                          

54.  Chiroptophobia - fear of bats.

55.  Cibophobia, Sitophobia – aversion to food, synonymous to Anorexia nervosa.

56.  Claustrophobia – fear of having no escape and being closed in.

57.  Coulrophobia – fear of clowns (not restricted to evil clowns).                     

58.  Decidophobia – fear of making decisions.      

59.  Dentophobia, Odontophobia – fear of dentists and dental procedures

60.  Disposophobia, better known as "compulsive hoarding" – the fear of getting rid of or losing things.

61.  Dysmorphophobia, or body dysmorphic disorder – a phobic obsession with a real or imaginary body defect.

62.  Emetophobia – fear of vomiting.

63.  Ergasiophobia, Ergophobia – fear of work or functioning, or a surgeon's fear of operating.

64.  Ergophobia – fear of work or functioning.     

65.  Erotophobia – fear of sexual love or sexual questions.

66.  Erythrophobia – pathological blushing.           

67.  Friggatriskaidekaphobia - fear of Friday the 13th.

68.  Gelotophobia – fear of being laughed at.        

69.  Gephyrophobia – fear of bridges.

70.  Genophobia, Coitophobia – fear of sexual intercourse.                     

71.  Gerascophobia – fear of growing old or aging.

72.  Gerontophobia – fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly

73.  Glossophobia – fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.

74.  Gurgephobia - Fear of the abyss, particular the ocean floor or outer space.

75.  Gymnophobia – fear of nudity.                       

76.  Gynophobia – fear of women.

77.  Halitophobia - fear of bad breath.                   

78.  Haptephobia – fear of being touched.

79.  Heliophobia – fear of sunlight.                        

80.  Hemophobia, Haemophobia – fear of blood.

81.  Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia – fear of the number 666.             

82.  Homophobia - fear/hatred of homosexuals

83.  Hoplophobia – fear of weapons, specifically firearms (Generally a political term but the clinical phobia is also documented).

84.  Hydrophobia - fear of Rabies (Hydrophobia).          

85.  Hylophobia - fear of trees, forests or wood.

86.  Ligyrophobia – fear of loud noises.                

87.  Lipophobia – fear/avoidance of fats in food.

88.  Medication phobia – fear of medications.       

89.  Mysophobia – fear of germs, contamination or dirt.

90.  Necrophobia – fear of death and/or the dead.

91.  Neophobia, Cainophobia, Cainotophobia, Cenophobia, Centophobia, Kainolophobia, Kainophobia – fear of newness, novelty.

92.  Nomophobia – fear of being out of mobile phone contact.

93.  Nosophobia – fear of contracting a disease.   

94.  Nosocomephobia – fear of hospitals.

95.  Nyctophobia, Achluophobia, Lygophobia, Scotophobia – fear of darkness.

96.  Oikophobia – fear of home surroundings and household appliances.

97.  Osmophobia, Olfactophobia – fear of smells.           

98.  Ordacleaphobia The fear of imperfection

99.  Paraskavedekatriaphobia, Paraskevidekatriaphobia, Friggatriskaidekaphobia – fear of Friday the 13th.

100.    Panphobia – fear of everything or constant fear of an unknown cause.

101.    Pediophobia - Fear of dolls                          

102.    Phasmophobia – fear of ghosts, spectres or phantasms.

103.    Phagophobia – fear of swallowing.              

104.    Pharmacophobia – same as medication phobia.

105.    Philophobia - fear of love                           

106.    Phobophobia – fear of having a phobia.

107.    Phonophobia – fear of loud sounds.            

108.    Porphyrophobia - fear of the color purple.

109.    Pyrophobia – fear of fire.                             

110.    Radiophobia – fear of radioactivity or X-rays.

111.    Sociophobia – fear of people or social situations.               

112.    Scolionophobia - fear of school

113.    Scopophobia – fear of being looked at or stared at.                       

114.    Somniphobia – fear of sleep.

115.    Spectrophobia – fear of mirrors and one's own reflections.                       

116.    Taphophobia – fear of the grave, or fear of being placed in a grave while still alive.

117.    Technophobia – fear of technology (see also Luddite).                 

118.    Telephone phobia – fear or reluctance of making or taking phone calls.

119.    Tetraphobia – fear of the number 4.             

120.    Thanatophobia – fear of death.

121.    Tokophobia – fear of childbirth.

122.    Traumatophobia – a synonym for injury phobia: fear of having an injury.

123.    Triskaidekaphobia, Terdekaphobia – fear of the number 13.

124.    Trypanophobia, Belonephobia, Enetophobia – fear of needles or injections.

125.    Workplace phobia – fear of the workplace. 

126.    Xenophobia – fear of strangers, foreigners, or aliens.

127.    Xylophobia, Hylophobia, Ylophobia - fear of trees, forests or wood.

  Animal phobias

128.    Ailurophobia – fear/dislike of cats.

129.    Apiphobia – fear/dislike of bees (also known as melissophobia, from the Greek melissa "bee").

130.    Arachnophobia – fear/dislike of spiders and other arachnids.

131.    Batrachophobia - Fear of amphibians, such as frogs, newts, salamanders, etc.

132.    Bovinophobia - fear/dislike of cattle.           

133.    Cavyophobia - fear/dislike of Guinea pigs.

134.    Chiroptophobia – fear/dislike of bats.          

135.    Cynophobia – fear/dislike of dogs.

136.    Entomophobia – fear/dislike of insects.

137.    Equinophobia – fear/dislike of horses (also known as hippophobia).

138.    Herpetophobia - fear/dislike of reptiles and/or amphibians.                       

139.    Ichthyophobia – fear/dislike of fish.

140.    Mottephobia - fear/dislike of butterflies and/or moths.                  

141.    Murophobia – fear/dislike of mice and/or rats.

142.    Ophidiophobia – fear/dislike of snakes.       

143.    Ornithophobia – fear/dislike of birds.

144.    Selachophobia - fear of sharks.                    

145.    Scoleciphobia – fear of worms.

146.    Zoophobia - fear of animals.

   Non-psychological conditions

147.    Aquaphobia – fear of water                         

148.    Photophobia – hypersensitivity to light causing aversion to light

149.    Phonophobia – hypersensitivity to sound causing aversion to sounds.

150.    Osmophobia – hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors.

   Biology, chemistry

151.    Acidophobia/Acidophobic – preference for non-acidic conditions.                       

152.    Heliophobia/Heliophobic – aversion to sunlight.

153.    Hydrophobia/Hydrophobic – a property of being repelled by water.                    

154.    Lipophobicity – a property of fat rejection

155.    Ombrophobia – avoidance of rain^[3]

156.    Photophobia (biology) a negative phototaxis or phototropism response, or a tendency to stay out of the light

157.    Superhydrophobe – the property given to materials that are extremely difficult to get wet.

158.    Thermophobia – aversion to heat.

  Prejudices and discrimination

159.    Biphobia – fear of bisexuality or bisexuals. 

160.    Christianophobia – fear of Christians

161.    Ephebiphobia – fear/ of youth.                     

162.    Gerontophobia, Gerascophobia – fear/dislike of aging or the elderly.                   

163.    Heterophobia – fear of heterosexuals.

164.    Homophobia – fear of homosexuality or homosexuals.                  

165.    Islamophobia – fear of Muslims

166.    Judeophobia – fear/of Jews.                         

167.    Lesbophobia – fear/of lesbians.

168.    Pedophobia, Pediophobia – fear/of children.                     

169.    Psychophobia – fearof mental illness or the mentally ill.

170.    Sinophobia – fear/ of Chinese.                     

171.    Transphobia – fear/ of transgender or transsexual people.

172.    Xenophobia – fear of foreigners.                 

173.    Germanophobia- fear of Germans.

LISTENING   SKILLS --  2

10 Tips to Effective & Active

Listening makes our loved ones feel worthy, appreciated, interesting, and respected. Ordinary conversations emerge on a deeper level, as do our relationships. When we listen, we foster the skill in others by acting as a model for positive and effective communication.

In our love relationships, greater communication brings greater intimacy. Parents listening to their kids helps build their self-esteem. In the business world, listening saves time and money by preventing misunderstandings. And we always learn more when we listen than when we talk.

Listening skills fuel our social, emotional and professional success, and studies prove that listening is a skill we can learn.

The Technique. Active listening is really an extension of the Golden Rule. To know how to listen to someone else, think about how you would want to be listened to.

While the ideas are largely intuitive, it might take some practice to develop (or re-develop) the skills. Here’s what good listeners know — and you should, too:

1. Face the speaker. Sit up straight or lean forward slightly to show your attentiveness through body language.

2. Maintain eye contact, to the degree that you all remain comfortable.

3. Minimize external distractions. Turn off the TV. Put down your book or magazine, and ask the speaker and other listeners to do the same.

4. Respond appropriately to show that you understand. Murmur (“uh-huh” and “um-hmm”) and nod. Raise your eyebrows. Say words such as “Really,” “Interesting,” as well as more direct prompts: “What did you do then?” and “What did she say?”

5. Focus solely on what the speaker is saying. Try not to think about what you are going to say next. The conversation will follow a logical flow after the speaker makes her point.

6. Minimize internal distractions. If your own thoughts keep horning in, simply let them go and continuously re-focus your attention on the speaker, much as you would during meditation.

7. Keep an open mind. Wait until the speaker is finished before deciding that you disagree. Try not to make assumptions about what the speaker is thinking.

Have you tried and tried but your best is still not good enough? Don’t know what to do next? Talk to a mentor.

8. Avoid letting the speaker know how you handled a similar situation. Unless they specifically ask for advice, assume they just need to talk it out.

9. Even if the speaker is launching a complaint against you, wait until they finish to defend yourself. The speaker will feel as though their point had been made. They won’t feel the need to repeat it, and you’ll know the whole argument before you respond. Research shows that, on average, we can hear four times faster than we can talk, so we have the ability to sort ideas as they come in…and be ready for more.

10. Engage yourself. Ask questions for clarification, but, once again, wait until the speaker has finished. That way, you won’t interrupt their train of thought. After you ask questions, paraphrase their point to make sure you didn’t misunderstand. Start with: “So you’re saying…”

As you work on developing your listening skills, you may feel a bit panicky when there is a natural pause in the conversation.

What should you say next? Learn to settle into the silence and use it to better understand all points of view.

Ironically, as your listening skills improve, so will your aptitude for conversation.

LISTENING SKILLS

LISTENING  SKILLS

We were given two ears but only one mouth.

This is because God knew that listening was twice as hard as talking.

People need to practice and acquire skills to be good listeners, because a speaker cannot throw you information in the same manner that a dart player tosses a dart at a passive dartboard. Information is an intangible substance that must be sent by the speaker and received by an active listener.

Listening needs lot of patience. Because we cannot listen to somebody who is doing all the talking.

THE FACE IT SOLUTION FOR EFFECTIVE LISTENING

Many people are familiar with the scene of the child standing in front of dad, just bursting to tell him what happened in school that day. Unfortunately, dad has the paper in front of his face and even when he drops the paper down half-way, it is visibly apparent that he is not really listening.

A student solved the problem of getting dad to listen from behind his protective paper wall. Her solution was to say, "Move your face, dad, when I'm talking to you.'' This simple solution will force even the poorest listener to adopt effective listening skills because it captures the essence of good listening.

GOOD LISTENERS LISTEN WITH THEIR FACES

The first skill that you can practice to be a good listener is to act like a good listener.

We have spent a lot of our modern lives working at tuning out all of the information that is thrust at us. It therefore becomes important to change our physical body language from that of a deflector to that of a receiver, much like a satellite dish. Our faces contain most of the receptive equipment in our bodies, so it is only natural that we should tilt our faces towards the channel of information.

A second skill is to use the other bodily receptors besides your ears.

You can be a better listener when you look at the other person. Your eyes pick up the non-verbal signals that all people send out when they are speaking. By looking at the speaker, your eyes will also complete the eye contact that speakers are trying to make. A speaker will work harder at sending out the information when they see a receptive audience in attendance. Your eyes help complete the communication circuit that must be established between speaker and listener.

When you have established eye and face contact with your speaker, you must then react to the speaker by sending out non-verbal signals. Your face must move and give the range of emotions that indicate whether you are following what the speaker has to say. By moving your face to the information, you can better concentrate on what the person is saying. Your face must become an active and contoured catcher of information.

It is extremely difficult to receive information when your mouth is moving information out at the same time. A good listener will stop talking and use receptive language instead. Use the I see . . . un hunh . . . oh really words and phrases that follow and encourage your speaker's train of thought. This forces you to react to the ideas presented, rather than the person. You can then move to asking questions, instead of giving your opinion on the information being presented. It is a true listening skill to use your mouth as a moving receptor of information rather than a broadcaster.

A final skill is to move your mind to concentrate on what the speaker is saying.

You cannot fully hear their point of view or process information when you argue mentally or judge what they are saying before they have completed. An open mind is a mind that is receiving and listening to information.

If you really want to listen, you will act like a good listener.

Good listeners are good catchers because they give their speakers a target and then move that target to capture the information that is being sent.

When good listeners don’t understand their speakers, they will send signals to the speaker about what they expect next, or how the speaker can change the speed of information delivery to suit the listener. Above all, a good listener involves all of their face to be an active moving listener.

THINGS TO REMEMBER

1.      If you are really listening intently, you should feel tired after your speaker has finished. Effective listening is an active rather than a passive activity.

2.      When you find yourself drifting away during a listening session, change your body position and concentrate on using one of the above skills. Once one of the skills is being used, the other active skills will come into place as well.

3.      Your body position defines whether you will have the chance of being a good listener or a good deflector. Good listeners are like poor boxers: they lead with their faces.

4.      Meaning cannot just be transmitted as a tangible substance by the speaker. It must also be stimulated or aroused in the receiver. The receiver must therefore be an active participant for the cycle of communication to be complete.