II – 6 PREPOSTIONS
-- USAGE
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IN
1. Lo, lopala
The
pen is in the pocket.
2.
Times of a day
In
the morning, / in the evening
3.
Before weeks
In
the first week. / In the last week
4.
Before months
In
June / He was born in Oct
5.
Before years
Baber
defeated Lodi in 1526 AD.
6.
Before large area
He
resided in Bombay.
7.
To form a phrase
Come
in. / get in
8.
State or manner
He
is in a bad temper.
9.
Point of reference
We
found a true friend in him.
10.
Time
Expect
me in a few days.
AT
1.
Proximity in place
He
is not at home.
2.
Proximity in time
He
was thee at 4 O’clock.
3.
Proximity in state
He is now quite at ease.
4.
Proximity in effect
Stand
up at the word of command.
5.
Proximity in value
It
is sold at Rs. 5/-per kg.
6.
Proximity in occupation
He
was busy at his work all day.
7.
Proximity in aim/phrases
He
laughed at her.
FROM
1.
Space :- He had gone from home.
2.
Time:- You must begin from day break.
3.
Source:- He is sprung from noble ancestors.
4.
Influence:- From all we hear, he is mad.
5.
Discrimination:- a fool may easily be known from a wise man.
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INTO
1.
In motion
Water is changed into steam. / Flow into gutter
ON
1.
Point of space
I
place my hand on the table
2.
Point of time
I
came here on Sunday last. / On 1st Mar.
3.
Dependence
He
lives on his father.
4.
Condition or basis
He
was appointed on these terms.
5.
Direction
They
made an attack on my house.
ONTO
1.
When in motion
The cat jumped onto the table.
BY
1.
Nearness in place
Come
and sit by me.
2.
Nearness in time
Always
get up by sunrise.
3.
Agency
He
was fairly treated by me.
4.
Manner
Seize
him by the neck.
5.
Adjuration
He
swore by heaven.
FOR
1.
Period of time
I
have lived here for two years. / For ten days. / For two hours.
2.
Direction in time
He
was imprisoned for life.
3.
Cause or reason
For
what offence was he imprisoned.
4.
In spite of
For
all his learning, he has no sense.
5.
Exchange
He
sold his horse for a small sum.
6.
On behalf of
He
fought hard for his friends.
7.
Purpose
This
stuff is not fit for food.
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WITH
1.
Union in place
He
arrived with all his luggage.
2.
Union in time
Frogs
begin to croak with the rainfall.
3.
Apposition
One
king fought with another.
4.
Agreement
His
views donot comply with mine.
5.
Separation
I
parted with my friend yesterday.
6.
Point of reference
He
is not popular with his pupils.
7.
In spite of
With
all his wealth, he is in debt.
8.
Instrument
He
killed the kite with a stone.
9.
Manner
He
looked upon them with anger.
10.
Cause
He
has long been sick with fever.
TO
1.
Place
He
has returned to his father’s house.
2.
Time
You
must go back tonight.
3.
Proportion
The
chances are three to one.
4.
Limit
They
fought to the last man.
5.
Purpose
He
came to see us.
BENEATH
1.
Suggests that the two objects are not closed to each other.
Eg.,
The submarine waited far beneath the ship.
DOWN
1.
To or in lower place/descent
Eg.,
he ran down the hill.
The bath room is down the stairs.
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OF
1.
Cause
What
did he die of?
2.
Source
Of
what family he sprung.
3.
Separation
He
was deprived of his appointment.
4.
Quality
He
is a man of strong will.
5.
Contents
He
sent me a box of books.
6.
Material
This
box is made of leather.
7.
Possession
He
lived in the house of his father.
UNDER
1.
It is the most common word when one thing is dir3ectly under another
thing or covered by it.
Eg.,
under the bed, / under the blanket
2.
It is used when there is movement from one side to another.
Eg.,
the boy crawled under the fence.
UNDERNEATH
1.
To give more force to he idea of covering.
Eg.,
the letter has been pushed underneath
the carpet.
2.
At the end of a sentence
Eg.,
she wore a red coat with a blue dress underneath.
BEHIND
1.
At the back of :- the dog ran behind its master.
2.
Concealment:- there is a smile behind his frown.
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