Q U I Z 2

Q  U  I  Z    2

1.There is a specific term used by geologists to describ rock weathering in which shells or plates are broken away from a rock leaving it rounded in appearance. What is this term?

ANSWER: EXFOLIATION

2. Biosphere describes the earth realm where life occurs What describes the entire solid earth realm and is composed of mineral matter?

ANSWER: LITHOSPHERE

3. What is the name of the atmosphere layer of upwardly diminishing temperature situated above the stratosphere and topped by the mesopause?

ANSWER: MESOSPHERE

4. What is the term used to measure the intensity of solar radiation and is

equal to one gram calorie per square centimeter per minute?

ANSWER: LANGLEY

5. What gas makes up the majority of our atmosphere?

ANSWER: NITROGEN

6. To within 5%, how much has atmospheric CO2 concentration INCREASED since the year 1800?

ANSWER: 25%

7. The ozone layer is located in which region of the atmosphere?

ANSWER: STRATOSPHERE

8. What is another name for the semi-precious stone heliotrope?

ANSWER: BLOODSTONE

9. Rocks are classified depending upon how they are formed. In which

class would slate be found?

ANSWER: METAMORPHIC

10. Name the clay mineral produced by the alteration of potash feldspar

which is also used in ceramics.

ANSWER: KAOLINITE

11. Name the extremely fine-grained, wind-blown clay particularly characteristic of the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States, Mexico and South America. This material was used by the southwestern Indians and Mexicans for constructing huts and buildings from prehistoric times.

ANSWER: ADOBE

12. What is the name given to a flat-topped plateau bordered on all sides by cliffs?

ANSWER: MESA or BUTTE

13. A troughlike downfold of strata is called a:

ANSWER: SYNCLINE

14. Of the three types of corals, Scleractinian, Rugose and Tabulate, which one is still in existence today?

ANSWER: SCLERACTINIAN

15. Give the general term used to designate the sand, silt, and mud deposited by a stream, along its bank or upon its flooplain, during periods of high water.

ANSWER: ALLUVIUM or ALLUVIAL

16. What term is applied to dry stream channels with nearly vertical walls and flat bottoms which are characteristic of semi-arid regions. They may suddenly become filled with torrential waters after heavy rains. The term has a Spanish origin.

ANSWER: ARROYO

17. What is the name and locality of the highest mountain peak in North America?

ANSWER: MOUNT McKINLEY, ALASKA, U.S.A.

18. What is a selenologist (pron: sel-e-nol-o-jist)?

ANSWER: LUNAR GEOLOGIST

The oxide of what lightweight metal forms corundum, rubies, and sapphires?

ANSWER: ALUMINUM

19. What is the name for a distinctive fossil that existe over a relatively large part of the earth during a short time of earth history?

ANSWER: INDEX FOSSIL

20. Name the famous scientist who, in 1835, discovered seashell fossils 13,000 feet up in the Andes.

ANSWER: CHARLES DARWIN

21. What are tidal waves called that surge up rivers from narrow estuaries called?

ANSWER: TIDAL BORES

22. What is the name given to the excessive growth of algae and other primary producers in streams and lakes as a result of an input of soil nutrients? The name begins with the letter "E".

ANSWER: EUTROPHICATION

23. Name the volcano in the continental United States that erupted in May 1980.

ANSWER: MOUNT ST. HELENS

24. What is the world's largest active volcano?

ANSWER: MAUNA LOA, HAWAII

25. Mount St. Helens is one of the more active volcanos in the United States today. In what state is Mount St. Helens located?

ANSWER: WASHINGTON

26. This world-famous volcano erupted in 79 A.D., 1139, 1631, 1779, 1793, 1872, 1906, and 1944. Name this volcano.

ANSWER: MT. VESUVIUS

27. Name the very old mountain belt located in southern Missouri and Northern Arkansas.

ANSWER: OZARKS

28. Name the mountain range, located in South America, which runs through Peru.

ANSWER: ANDES

29. What is the name given to the term that defines the proportion of the incident solar radiation which is diffusely reflected from the atmosphere and surface of the planet back into outer space?

ANSWER: ALBEDO

30. What is the name of the electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 microns?

ANSWER: VISIBLE LIGHT

31. The ozone in the atmosphere helps to block out excess of what type of rays?

ANSWER: ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

The gaseous water density of the atmosphere is more commonly known as what?

ANSWER: HUMIDITY

32. Rocks are classified depending upon how they are formed. In which class would marble be found?

ANSWER: METAMORPHIC

33. In terms of the mass of material ejected into the atmosphere, what is the name of the largest volcanic eruption of this century, and where was it located?

ANSWER: MOUNT PINATUBO, PHILIPPINES

34. Which stone, usually green, was used for Chinese, Aztec and Mayacarvings?

ANSWER: JADE

35. After what geophysical occurrence might you see Bishop's Ring around the sun?

ANSWER: VOLCANIC ERUPTION

36. To the nearest half degree, the Arctic Circle is at what latitude?

ANSWER: 66 AND 1/2 DEGREES or 66 AND 1/2 DEGREES NORTH

37. Name the gaseous hydrocarbon that occurs naturally in sedimentary strata.

ANSWER: METHANE (CH4)

38. Certain clay layers deposited at the end of the cretaceous period are enriched in what element?

ANSWER: IRIDIUM

39. A falling barometer often means rainy weather because water vapor is (lighter or heavier) than oxygen or nitrogen.

ANSWER: LIGHTER

40. What is another name for the 180th meridian?

ANSWER: INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE

41. It is 9:00 p.m. in Greenwich, England. You are on a ship whose local time is 6:00 p.m. What is the longitude of your ship?

ANSWER: 45 DEGREES WEST

42. What is the name of the phenomenon that causes an accumulation of heat in the lower atmosphere because of the absorption of longwave radiation from the Earth's surface?

ANSWER: GREENHOUSE EFFECT

43.  Lassen Peak is an active volcano in the United States In what state is Lassen Peak located?

ANSWER: CALIFORNIA

44. Answer: Most natural minerals can be found in what two crysta systems?

ANSWER: ORTHORHOMBIC AND MONOCLINIC

45. What is the name for a sloping pile of rocks at the foot of a cliff?

ANSWER: TALUS SLOPE

46. Diamond is what number on the Moh's hardness scale?

ANSWER: 10

47. This period in earth history is the earliest subdivision of the Paleozoic Era. Many of the oldest known invertebrate fossils occur in this period, the principal types being trilobites, chitinous brachiopods, and primitive graptolites. Name this period.

ANSWER: CAMBRIAN PERIOD

48. What is molten rock that remains underground called?

ANSWER: MAGMA

49. Which is a metamorphic rock, slate or shale?

ANSWER: SLATE

Q U I Z NO. 3

Q U I Z    NO.  3

51.       The name of a rapid rise of coastal water that accompanies the arrival of a cyclone is called:

w) hurricane

x) storm surge

y) tidal wave

z) cyclonistat

ANSWER: X -- STORM SURGE

52.       Certain substances are classified as water pollutants, others as air pollutants and still others as land pollutants. Which of the following pollutes all three parts of our environment?

w) fluorocarbons

x) smog

y) acid rain

z) ozone

ANSWER: Y -- ACID RAIN

53.       Which is true for Low-Latitude Climates?

w) have a winter season

x) lack a winter season

y) are wet throughout the year

z) are dry throughout the year

ANSWER: X -- LACK A WINTER SEASON

54.       The Greenhouse Effect is caused primarily by which of the following processes?

w) blocking incoming short wave solar energy

x) absorbing incoming short wave solar energy

y) heating of the Earth's stratosphere

z) absorbing outgoing long wave radiation from the Earth

ANSWER: Z -- ABSORBING OUTGOING LONG WAVE RADIATION FROM THE

EARTH

55.       Fluorite is what number on Moh's hardness scale?

w) 1

x) 2

y) 3

z) 4

ANSWER: Z – 4

56.       Apatite is what number on Moh's (pron: moes: rhyme with toes) hardness scale?

w) 1

x) 3

y) 5

z) 7

ANSWER: Y – 5

57.       Hematite is a primary ore of which of the followin metals?

w) zinc

x) tungsten

y) iron

z) none of the above

ANSWER: Y – IRON

58.       Galena is a primary ore of which of the following metals?

w) zinc

x) tungsten

y) lead

z) silver

ANSWER: Y – LEAD

59.       Sphalerite is a primary ore of which of the following metals?

w) zinc

x) tin

y) copper

z) iron

ANSWER: W – ZINC

60.       Which of the following minerals is a source of copper?

w) Bauxite (pron: box-ite)

x) Hematite

y) Malachite

z) Galena

ANSWER: Y – MALACHITE

61.       Which physical phenomenon or principle is most often applied in the search for petroleum reservoirs?

w) gravitational attraction

x) magnetic field distortions

y) natural radioactive decay of minerals

z) acoustic wave transmission and reflection

ANSWER: Z -- ACOUSTIC WAVE TRANSMISSION AND REFLECTION

62.       Which of the following time periods describes the age of the coal deposits of the Eastern United States?

w) Jurassic and Cambrian

x) Mississippian and Pennsylvanian

y) Pliocene and Miocene

z) none of these

ANSWER: X -- MISSISSIPPIAN AND PENNSYLVANIAN

63.       Of the following four geologic periods, which is the oldest?

w) Devonian

x) Silurian

y) Permian

z) Jurassic

ANSWER: X – SILURIAN

64.       Of the following four geologic periods, which is the most recent?

w) Devonian

x) Silurian

y) Permian

z) Jurassic

ANSWER: Z – JURASSIC

65.       On the Phanerozoic (pron: fan-eh-reh-zO-ik) Time Scale, which of the following geologic periods occurred approximately 225 to 280 million years ago? Is it:

w) Jurassic

x) Permian

y) Carboniferous

z) Silurian

ANSWER: X – PERMIAN

66.       On the Phanerozoic (pron: fan-eh-row-zo-ick) Time Scale, which of the following geologic periods occurred approximately 395 to 430 million years ago? Is it:

w) Jurassic (pron: ju-ras-ick)

x) Permian

y) Carboniferous

z) Silurian

ANSWER: Z – SILURIAN

67.       On the Phanerozoic (pron: fan-eh-reh-zO-ik) time scale, which of the following geologic periods occurred approximately 500 to 570 million years ago? Is it:

w) Cambrian

x) Ordovician (pron: ord-eh-vish-en)

y) Carboniferous

z) Silurian

ANSWER: W – CAMBRIAN

68.       The Miocene, Eocene and Paleocene epoches belong t what geologic period on the Phanerozoic Time Scale? Is it the:

w) Devonian

x) Permian

y) Triassic (pron: try-as-ick)

z) Tertiary

ANSWER: Z – TERTIARY

69.       During which period, in the earth's history, did MOST dinosaurs become extinct?

w) Carboniferous

x) Cretaceous

y) Quaternary

z) Triassic

ANSWER: X – CRETACEOUS

70.       The disappearance of the dinosaurs also marks the end of which geological era?

w) Precambrian

x) Cambrian

y) Mesozoic (pron: mez-ah-zo-ik)

z) Cenozoic (pron: see-nah-zo-ik)

ANSWER: Y – MESOZOIC

71.       On a topographic map, lines that indicate water depth are termed:

w) isogonic lines (pron: eye-seh-gone-ik)

x) bathymetric lines (pron: bath-i-meh-trik)

y) isopachs

z) none of these

ANSWER: X -- BATHYMETRIC LINES

72.       In geological studies, a fault in the earth's surface in which the

hanging wall has moved UP relative to the footwall is termed:

w) overthrust fault

x) reverse fault

y) tear fault

z) none of these

ANSWER: X -- REVERSE FAULT

73.       In geological studies, a fault in the earth's surface along which

primarily horizontal movement has taken place is termed:

w) overthrust fault

x) strike-slip fault

y) reverse fault

z) none of the above

ANSWER: X -- STRIKE-SLIP FAULT

74.       In studies of the surface of the earth, a reverse fault having a dip between 10 and 45 degrees is known as a:

w) thrust fault

x) normal fault

y) strike-slip fault

z) neither of these

ANSWER: W -- THRUST FAULT

75.       Multiple Choice: You are adrift off the coast of Miami, Florida in the Gulf Stream. Where would you most likely land?

w) Argentina

x) Louisiana

y) New York

z) The British Isles

ANSWER: Z -- THE BRITISH ISLES

76.       Multiple Choice: The horse latitude which occurs at approximately 30o - 35o north is also known as the:

w) doldrums

x) calms of Cancer

y) calms of Capricorn

z) trough of the Pacific

ANSWER: X -- CALMS OF CANCER

77.       A circular cavity ground out of bedrock by running water is called a:

w) cave

x) pothole

y) sinkhole

z) kettle hole

ANSWER: X – POTHOLE

78.       A yazoo stream flows through which of the following?

w) gorge

x) divide

y) backswamp

z) water gap

ANSWER: Y – BACKSWAMP

79.       Which of the following is a famous hanging trough waterfall?

w) Yellowstone Falls

x) Yosemite Falls

y) Niagara Falls

z) Victoria Falls

ANSWER: X -- YOSEMITE FALLS

80.       A wave with a wavelength of 40 meters and a height of 2 meters will NOT be refracted in water with a depth of more than:

w) 1 meter

x) 2 meters

y) 10 meters

z) 20 meters

ANSWER: Z -- 20 METERS

81.       The lag time between precipitation period and peak discharge period of a river:

w) is increased by urbanization

x) is decreased by urbanization

y) is shorter for a large drainage basin than for a small one

z) depends upon the hydraulic heads

ANSWER: X -- IS DECREASED BY URBANIZATION

82.       What percentage of the earth's water is fresh water?

w) 50%

x) 22%

y) 7%

z) 3%

ANSWER: Z -- 3%

83.       The deep, least productive part of a lake is calle the:

w) littoral zone

x) profundal zone

y) photic zone

z) limnetic zone

ANSWER: X -- PROFUNDAL ZONE

84.       Which of the following does NOT affect sea level change?

w) Antarctic ice sheet

x) small glaciers and ice caps

y) Arctic sea ice

z) Greenland ice sheet

ANSWER: Y -- ARCTIC SEA ICE

85.       If all the Earth's ice melted, the increase in sea level would be

approximately:

w) 100 meters

x) 2 meters

y) 70 meters

z) 20 meters

ANSWER: Y -- 70 METERS

86.       The curved body of water formed when a meandering river reshapes and cuts off one of its bends is called:

w) an Essing pond

x) an Oxbow lake

y) a Swensen pool

z) a Groovy pool

ANSWER: X -- AN OXBOW LAKE

87.       The chemical union of iron, oxygen and water forms

w) magnetite

x) hematite

y) limonite

z) pyrite

ANSWER: Y – LIMONITE

88.       Give the term that describes different crystalline modifications of the same chemical substance. Is it:

w) polymorphism

x) isomorphism

y) tetrahedral

z) perovskite

ANSWER: W – POLYMORPHISM

89.       Of the energy used in the United States, about wha percent is

provided by hydroelectric power?

w) 4%

x) 20%

y) 50%

z) 75%

ANSWER: W -- 4%

90.       The B-horizon of a pedalfer soil is noted for its accumulation of:

w) carbonate

x) nitrogen

y) humus

z) oxides

ANSWER: Z – OXIDES

91.       Pedocal (pron: ped-eh-kal) soils are usually found to have developed in:

w) forests

x) swamps

y) grasslands

z) jungles

ANSWER: Y – GRASSLANDS

92.       High quality crop soil requires humus as a major component. Which of the following best describes the composition of humus

w) fine sand particles

x) decaying organic matter

y) mineral like clay matter

z) chemical fertilizers

ANSWER: X -- DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER

93.       The aquifer of a famous artesian formation in the Great Plains is a layer of rock called the:

w) Clinton limestone

x) Dakota sandstone

y) Pierre shale

z) Vermont marble

ANSWER: X -- DAKOTA SANDSTONE

94.       The principal aquifer of the artesian wells of Florida is a:

w) porous sandstone

x) fissured limestone

y) series of clay beds

z) mass of pumice

ANSWER: X -- FISSURED LIMESTONE

95. The saltation of sand grains refers to the sand grains:

w) being coated with salt

x) moving in jumps and bounces

y) moving in a steady stream

z) being cemented together

ANSWER: X -- MOVING IN JUMPS AND BOUNCES

96.       The surface of a "desert pavement" is composed mainly of which of the following?

w) loose sand

x) sand and clay

y) pebbles and boulders

z) concrete and cement

ANSWER: Y -- PEBBLES AND BOULDERS

97.       Which of the following are barchans?

w) deflation basins

x) oases

y) crescent-shaped dunes

z) sand storms

ANSWER: Y -- CRESCENT-SHAPED DUNES

98.       Which of the following does NOT form as a result o a low level temperature inversion?

w) smog

x) sleet

y) tornado

z) fog

ANSWER: Y – TORNADO

99.       A type of lava characterized by a blocky appearanc is termed:

w) Pillow Lava

x) Aa

y) Vessicular

z) none of these

ANSWER: X – Aa

100.     The name of a rapid rise of coastal water that accompanies the arrival of a cyclone is called:

w) hurricane

x) storm surge

y) tidal wave

z) cyclonistat

ANSWER: X -- STORM SURGE