ENGLISH
DEVELOPMENT
1Q How can you develop vocabulary?
Vocabulary is the primary thing for any
language. The more number of words you know, the more command you will have on
the language.
1.
The parts of speech method. All the words of English are
divided into Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Conjunction and
Interjection.
2.
Try to write all the words of every object that is in
front of you.
Eg. TREE :- plant, bark, branch, nut,
fruit, flower, root etc.
MOTOR CYCLE : handle,
gear, mudguard, horn, tyres, tubes, etc.
HOUSE : roof, floor,
wall, corner, window, door, door frame,
etc.
3. Whatever you read, refer dictionary for all the
unknown words, and by heart them. Later use them in your own sentences.
4. SYNONYMS
:- Words having similar meaning, but used in different situations.
Eg. BEAUTIFUL
:- pretty, fine, good looking, nice,
handsome, winsome, magnificent, ….
SEE : look, glance,
glare, stare, peek, peep, leer ……
As meaning is same, by byhearting the words,
many words can be learnt.
5. Similarly there are
antonyms, homonyms, homophones, confusing words, compound words, idioms,
phrases, jargon, etc.
6. what is most needed is your interest
to gain command on English.
7. Try to cram quotations, and proverbs. They not
only enrich your vocabulary but also sentence framing.
8. Now
a days the world of words for GRE, IELTS, TOEFL etc. are available in soft
copies, special drives. Listen to them
many times. You can enrich your
vocabulary.
“Where there is a
will, there is a way.”
2Q How can you develop your
English ?
There are many methods to develop English.
1] Vocabulary development. The words that you
learn should be written in sentences of your own. Try to use them in sentences
of your own whenever possible.
2] Reading
books. Read books of different subjects widely. After reading books try
to write the summaries of those books in your own words.
3] Company.
Maintain such peoples’ company who can speak English. Because language
is nothing but usage.
4] By hearting. By heart hundreds of quotations, poems,
dialogues, speech parts that you like…. After that use them whenever you get a
chance.
5] Rehearse. Daily rehearse situational dialogues. It can remove your hesitation in speaking and
also remove your inferiority complex.
6] Movies. Select an English movie. See that
movie as many times as you, till you can understand every dialogue.
7] listen to English news daily.
8] Listen to
English speeches from net.
9] Don’t worry about grammar in the initial
stage. Express your thoughts freely.
10] Don’t
try to be 100% correct.
3Q Seminar
presentation
1.
Background
work.
2.
Draw
a rough plan of what are all the things to be presented.
3.
The
first thing that one should do is to draw a detailed plan.
4.
It
should have an object.
5.
The
lead speaker and the other speakers.
6.
Write
the agenda and protocol.
7.
If
there are more than one session, then select a chairman for each.
8.
Selection
of venue and time.
9.
If
people from other towns are invited, provide lodging and boarding.
10.
The
place of seminar, the lodging and
boarding places should be given in
a route map.
11.
Invitation
letter is to be prepared.
4Q Explain the terms,
‘skimming’, ‘scanning’, ‘silent reading’, and explain their use.
Skimming:- Skimming is reading fast to get the “gist” or the general
idea of the text. There are different techniques to do skimming. Run the eyes
over the text getting the general meaning, not stopping at words that are not
easy to understand as this will slow down speed.
The
important thing with skimming is speed. Another way to skim is to just read the
first and last paragraphs of a text as well as the summaries, the title,
subtitles and illustrations if there are any. It main purpose is to quickly
understand the general meaning.
Scanning:- It is generally done to search for an answer, a word, a
title, or for any other important data.
These two are very important.
Generally before we buy a book we will
have quick glance of the entire book. This is a skimming which helps us to
understand whether to buy it or not.
Silent
reading:-It is generally followed by those we
want to enjoy a novel or story. They
have sufficient vocabulary to go through a book.
5Q Language functions
Due to their diversity the functions
of language might be divided into two categories: micro functions which
refer to specific individual uses, and macro functions which serve more
overall aims.
MICRO FUNCTIONS: 1. Physiological function (releasing physical and nervous energy) 2. Phatic
function (for sociability) 3.Recording function 4. Identifying
function 5.Reasoning function
(instrument of thought) 6.Communicating function 7. Pleasure
functions
MACRO
FUNCTIONS: 8.Ideational function 9.Interpersonal
function 10.Poetic function 11.Textual function
The civilization is reflected in three priceless possessions
of mankind.
The first one is the human ability to think,
The second one is the innate capacity to communicate,
The third one is his specie’s specific competence to acquire
and use the language.
The process of communication permits us to use and reuse the
experiences of others in present as well as in future. We can draw the
experience and knowledge from the past into the present and make it ready for
reuse in future with the help of the symbols of communication, which stand for
some abstract idea.
Communication
is the means by which people relate to one another. The society in general or an organization of
any type cannot exist without the relations that are built and strengthened by
communication.
6Q How do you make use
of a dictionary as an important tool or reference?
It is the only source of information on language for the majority
of people.
It gives us accurate spelling.
Eg.
Vacuum is the correct spelling. But mostly it is written as ‘vaccum’
It gives us accurate pronunciation
of a word. Otherwise each will follow his own pronunciation.
Phonetics
is based on this only.
It gives us the parts of speech of a
word, so that we can use it correctly.
It gives us the etymology of a word. The root and the origin of a word.
It gives us present as well as older
meanings of a word.
Eg.
Comrade= room mate[old], member of
communist party[new]
It gives us other derived forms of a
word.
Eg.
Beauty, beautiful, beautifully, beautify, beautifulness,
It gives us the information how a
word is derived.
Eg.
Boycott- an M.P. by this name first walked out of the British parliament. Now it
became a word.
7Q The only place ‘success’
comes before’ work ‘is in the dictionary.’ Write briefly on ‘how to use a
dictionary’.
Dictionary
is arranged alphabetically. As per alphabets ‘success’ starts with ‘s’ and
‘work’ starts with ‘w’. That is why ‘s’ comes before ‘w’. In real life success comes
only after work.
8Q What are the major
characteristics associated with active learning?
Learning
gives creativity. Creativity leads to thinking. Thinking provides knowledge.
Knowledge makes us great.
Learning
is earning.
There
is no age factor for learning. By learning we can always update our knowledge.
If we don’t update our knowledge we will be outdated.
There
are many ways of learning. We learn being in the company great people,
attending seminars, through e-media, through print media, going through books,
listening to speeches, discourses, and so on.
The only thing is that we should have that desire to learn.
If we are learned;
Our personality improves,
Our presence is felt by others,
We can influence the society,
We can guide the innocents,
We can be more resourceful,
We can be good trouble shooters, and
so on.l
