Friday, 16 August 2013

462. IELTS – Prefixes


IELTS – Prefixes


Circum- Words
Latin Prefixes
Greek Prefixes
Anglo-Saxon Prefixes

A prefix is a letter or group of letters placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

Later we will show you how knowing a handful of roots can help you figure out scores of words.

Here we will begin by teaching you a few prefixes that can open the door to more powerful words.

Here, for example, is a sampling of words that derive from the Latin prefix "circum-," meaning around.

Circum- Words
circumambulate                       to walk around
circumference                          the outer boundary of something
circumfluent                            flowing around; encompassing
circumfuse                               to surround, as with fluid
circumjacent                            lying around; surrounding
circumlocution                        a roundabout way of speaking
circumlunar                             rotating about the moon
circumnavigate                        to sail around
circumpolar                             around or near one of the earth's poles
circumrotate                            to rotate like a wheel
circumscribe                            to encircle; mark off or delimit; restrict

Lesson 1. Latin Prefixes
Below are ten common Latin prefixes and their variations.
Study the chart and examples. Then, to help you remember them, complete the self-tests that follow.

Prefix Meaning Variations Examples

1. ad- to, toward adjoin, adverb, ascribe, accede, affix, aggregate, attempt

2. com- with, together Cocol concor commotion, cohabit, coworker, collaborate, concede, conduct, correlate, correspond

3. de- down depress, deform

4. dis- away, apart, opposite of di- dif- disagree, dishonest, divert, diffuse

5. ex- out  exchange, excavate, elongate, evaporate, eccentric, effluent, effuse

6. in- in, into, ilimir inscribe, inhabit, illuminate, import, impart, irradiate

7. in- not igilimir inflexible, indecent, ignoble, illiterate, illegal, immodest, impatient, irregular

8. pre- before premature

9. pro- forward proclaim

10. re- again, back recover, return

Test 1: Applying Latin Prefixes
Each of the following phrases contains an italicized word. Based on the meaning of its prefix, select the closest synonym. Circle the correct response.

1. adjudicate the matter
a. sit in judgment on         b. throw out                c. argue                        d. adjust

2. an illicit affair
a. public                             b. external                   c. unlawful                  d. renewed

3. an important confederation
a. visit                                b. return                       c. church                      d. alliance

4. prolong a speech
a. shorten                           b. dictate                     c. extend                     d. preserve

5. an accredited school
a. second-rate                    b. authorized               c. undesirable              d. separated

6. valuable collateral
a. security                          b. comments                c. opinions                   d. animals

7. ascribe the phrase to
a. write                              b. scrawl                      c. scribble                    d. credit

8. imbibe too freely
a. speak                             b. drink                        c. travel                       d. laugh

9. precursor of greater things
a. banner                            b. detractor                  c. forerunner                d. hope

10. compress metal
a. help                                b. coat                         c. squeeze                    d. buff

Test 2: Defining Words
Based on the meaning of its prefix, define each of the following words.
1. accord ______________________________________________
2. irradiate ______________________________________________
3. predestination ______________________________________________
4. reincarnation ______________________________________________
5. convolution ______________________________________________
6. invoke ______________________________________________
7. cohabit ______________________________________________
8. irrelevant ______________________________________________
9. irreducible ______________________________________________
10. excommunicate ______________________________________________

Lesson 2. Greek Prefixes
Below are five common Greek prefixes and their variations. Study the chart and examples. Then, to help you remember the prefixes, complete the self-tests that follow.

Prefix Meaning Variations Examples
1. a- not, without an-              atypical, asexual, anarchy
2. apo- off,                              away apology, apostrophe
3. epi- beside, upon ep-           epigraph, epidermis, epoch
4. para- beside                         paragraph, paraphrase
5. syn- together, with              syl sym synthesis,
synonym syllable, syllogism symbiosis, symphony

Test 1: Applying Greek Prefixes
Each of the following phrases contains an italicized word.
Based on the meaning of its prefix,select the closest synonym.
Circle your response.

1. a new synagogue Formed from:
a. combination                         b. sentence                 c. house of worship      d. building
Greek "syn-" + "-agogos," bringer, gatherer

2. the true apogee Formed from:
a. limit of endurance               b. insult                      c. closest point of an orbit
d. farthest point of an orbit     Greek "apo-" + "ge," earth

3. the fifth annual synod Formed from:
a. church council                     b. religious holiday    c. house-cleaning          d. painting
Greek "syn-" + "hodos," way

4. the sad episode Formed from:                               a. incident                     b. anecdote
c. death                                   d. accident                 Greek "epi-" + "hodos," way

5. the witty epigram Formed from:
a. television show                    b. radio broadcast      c. saying                        d. song
Greek "epi-" + "gramma," something written

6. guilty of apostasy Formed from:
a. murder                                 b. desertion                c. an unnamed crime    
d. abandonment of religious faith                             Greek "apo-" + "stasis," standing

7. aseptic ointment Formed from:
a. free from germs                   b. effective                c. expensive
Greek "a-" + "septos," rotted   d. greasy

8. clear and effective syntax Formed from:
a. treatment                      b. word arrangement         c. speech                       d. magazine article
Greek "syn-" + "taxis," order

9. injured epidermis Formed from:
a. leg ligament                 b. elbow                            c. skin                           d. shinbone
Greek "epi-" + "dermis," skin

10. a cutting epithet Formed from:
a. weapon                        b. funeral oration               c. knife                          d. descriptive word     Greek "epi-" + "theton," placed

Test 2: Matching Synonyms
Based on your knowledge of Greek prefixes, match each of the numbered words with the closest synonym. Write your answer in the space provided.

1. SYLLOGISM                     a. running beside _____
2. PARALEGAL                    b. climax; highest point _____
3. ANONYMOUS                 c. bottomless hole _____
4. ANESTHETIC                   d. one sent out; messenger _____
5. APOSTLE                          e. logical argument _____
6. PARALLEL                       f. doubting God's existence _____
7. APOCRYPHAL                 g. attorney's assistant _____
8. APOGEE                            h. false; spurious _____
9. AGNOSTIC                       i. causing loss of feeling _____
10. ABYSS                             j. nameless _____

Lesson 3. Anglo-Saxon Prefixes
Applying Anglo-Saxon Prefixes
Matching Synonyms
Below are the five most common Anglo-Saxon prefixes and their variations. Study the chart and examples. Then, to help you remember the prefixes, complete the self-tests that follow.

Prefix Meaning Examples
a-                        on, to, at, by ablaze, afoot
be-                     over, around bespeak, besiege
mis-                   wrong, badly mistake, misspell
over-                 beyond, above overreach, overawe
un-                    not unwilling, unethical

Applying Anglo-Saxon Prefixes
Each of the following phrases contains an italicized word.
Based on the meaning of its prefix, select the closest synonym.
Circle your response.

1. a miscarriage of justice
a. instance                     b. hero                           c. failure                      d. example

2. beseech movingly
a. implore                      b. search                        c. evoke                       d. refuse

3. walking two abreast
a. together                     b. side by side               c. back to back            d. in tandem

4. bestowed on us
a. hurled                        b. smashed                    c. dependent               d. presented

5. an unfortunate misalliance
a. treaty                         b. conversation             c. bad deal                   d. improper marriage

6. an overwrought patient
a. highly emotional          b. extremely ill              c. very restrained            d. overmedicated

7. an unkempt look
a. funny                           b. messy                        c. ugly                            d. pretty

8. an embarrassing miscue
a. joke                              b. anecdote                   c. step                             d. error

9. bedaub with clay
a. sculpt                           b. present                      c. smear                          d. create

10. bemoan his situation
a. celebrate                       b. share                         c. lament                         d. hide

Matching Synonyms
Based on your knowledge of Anglo-Saxon prefixes, match each of the numbered words with the closest synonym. Write your answer in the space provided.

1. UNFEIGNED                                a. conquer _____
2. MISBEGOTTEN                            b. right on the mark _____
3. BEGUILE                                      c. too fervent _____
4. MISCARRIAGE                            d. envy; resent _____
5. BEMUSE                                        e. sincere; genuine _____
6. MISHAP                                         f. accident _____
7. OVERCOME                                 g. illegitimate _____
8. BEGRUDGE                                  h. mislead _____
9. UNERRING                                   i. bewilder _____
10. OVERZEALOUS                        j. spontaneous abortion _____


No comments:

Post a Comment

647. PRESENTATION SKILLS MBA I - II

PRESENTATION  SKILLS MBA   I - II There are many types of presentations.                    1.       written,        story, manual...