Friday, 16 August 2013

463. IELTS - Suffixes


IELTS -  Suffixes

Ten Powerful Suffixes
Ten Additional Powerful Suffixes

A suffix is a letter or group of letters placed at the end of a word to change its grammatical function, tense, or meaning.

Suffixes can be used to create a verb from a noun or adjective or an adjective from a verb, for example.

They can change a word's tense as well; "-ed" can make a present-tense verb into a past participle, for instance.

They can even change a word's meaning; the suffix "-ette," for example, can make a word into its diminutive: "kitchen" into "kitchenette."

Just as recognizing a small number of prefixes can help you figure out many unfamiliar words, so knowing a few common suffixes can help you build a more powerful vocabulary.

Lesson 1. Ten Powerful Suffixes
Applying Suffixes
Matching Synonyms
Below are ten useful suffixes. Read through the chart and examples. To reinforce your study, complete the self-tests that follow.

Suffix Meaning Variations Examples
1. -ate              to make marked by alienate, regulate, passionate, affectionate

2. -en               to make weaken, moisten

3. -ism             the quality or practice of absolutism, baptism

4. the act or condition of
-ation
–ition
–tion 
allegation, affirmation commotion recognition

5. -ty                the state of -ity modesty, security worker

6. -er one that does or deals with
-ar
-ier
-or
teacher, scholar, furrier, bettor

7. -an               one that does or deals with comedian, historian

8. -al                resembling or pertaining to natural, accidental

9. -ous                         full of -ious perilous, gracious, vicious

10. -able          capable of being -ible lovable, affordable, reversible

Test 1: Applying Suffixes
Each of the following phrases contains an italicized word. Based on the meaning of its suffix, select the closest synonym. Circle your response.

1. combustible rubbish
a. unbreakable       b. able to burst         c. affordable              d. flammable

2. pastoral scenes
a. clerical               b. attractive              c. rural                        d. homely

3. a partisan of the rebellion
a. flag                    b. supporter              c. sign                        d. result

4. a palatial home
a. magnificent       b. modest                 c. formal                    d. enjoyable

5. the collegiate atmosphere
a. churchlike          b. friendly                c. cooperative            d. academic

6. assiduity in studies
a. alacrity               b. cleverness             c. diligence                d. laziness

7. a country of pedestrians
a. scholars              b. walkers                 c. shopkeepers           d. students

8. an abstemious eater
a. aloof                  b. idle                       c. absent-minded       d. sparing

9. perilous practices
a. commonplace    b. rare                       c. dangerous              d. useless

10. deleterious effects
a. good                  b. neutral                  c. bad                         d. delightful

Matching Synonyms
Based on your knowledge of suffixes, match each of the numbered words with the closest synonym.

If in doubt, refer to the root word that follows each numbered word.

1. culpable             a. blameworthy                (Root word: Latin "culpa," blame)
2. parity                 b. injurious                       (Root word: Latin "par," equal)
3. amenable           c. everlasting                    (Root word: French "amener," to lead to)
4. mendacious       d. reversion to type          (Root word: Latin "mendax," dishonest)
5. sempiternal        e. equality                        (Root word: Latin "semper," always)
6. nihilism              f. to chastise; censure      (Root word: Latin "nihil," nothing)
7. atavism              g. willing                          (Root word: Latin "atavus," remote)
8. fealty                 h. total rejection of law   (Root word: French "fealté," fidelity)
9. castigate            i. lying; false                    (Root word: Latin "castus," chaste)
10. noxious            j. faithfulness                   (Root word: Latin "noxa," harm)

Ten Additional Powerful Suffixes
Matching Synonyms
Applying Suffixes
The following ten suffixes will help you understand countless additional words. After you read through the suffixes and their definitions, complete the two self-tests at the end of the lesson.

Suffix Meaning Examples
1. -esque          in the manner of;       like Lincolnesque
2. -aceous        resembling or having carbonaceous
3. -ic                associated with democratic
4. -age             act or process of; quantity or measure marriage; coverage; footage
5. -itis              inflammation tonsillitis
6. -ish              similar to; like a foolish; babyish
7. -less             without guiltless; helpless
8. -ship            occupation or skill; condition of being authorship; penmanship; friendship
9. -ian              a person who is, does, or participates in comedian
10. -ferous       bearing or conveying odoriferous

Matching Synonyms
Based on your knowledge of suffixes, match each of the numbered words with its closest synonym. Write your answer in the space provided.

1. waspish                   a. inattentive, sloppy _____
2. fellowship               b. egotistic _____
3. angelic                     c. distance _____
4. mileage                    d. huge _____
5. picturesque              e. eternal _____
6. curvaceous              f. irritable _____
7. titanic                      g. voluptuous _____
8. careless                    h. companionship _____
9. selfish                      i. innocent _____
10. timeless                 j. colorful _____
Applying Suffixes
Each of the following phrases contains an italicized word. Based on the meaning of its suffix, select the closest synonym. If in doubt, refer to the root word listed in the right-hand column.

Circle your response.

1. auriferous mineral Root Word
a. containing gold         b. extremely hard       c. having an odor       d. very common
Latin "aurum," gold

2. conical shape Root Word
a. humorous; amusing   b. like a cone              c. spherical                 d. rigid
Greek "konos," cone

3. suffering from carditis Root Word
a. eye infection             b. a tin ear                  c. inflammation of the heart    d. stiff joints
Greek "kardia," heart

4. graceful Romanesque
a. architectural style      b. departure               c. essay                      d. apology

5. olivaceous color
a. oily                            b. deep green             c. faded                     d. attractive

6. frightful carnage Root Word
a. journey                      b. slaughter                c. scene                      d. sensuality

Latin "carnis," flesh
7. satanic nature          
a. evil                            b. cheerful                  c. shiny                      d. generous

8. admirable craftsmanship
a. display                      b. individual              c. shop                       d. artfulness

9. veracious remarks Root Word
a. vivid                          b. vicious                   c. windy                     d. truthful
Latin "verus," true

10. painful appendicitis
a. news                          b. surgery                   c. inflammation of the appendix
d. removal of the appendix


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