313. Net & Web

Net  &  Web

The Difference between the Internet and World Wide Web

 

        Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (aka. the Web) interchangeably, but in fact the two terms are not synonymous. The Internet and the Web are two separate but related things.

What is The Internet?

        The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.

        It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet.

        Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.

What is The Web (World Wide Web)?

        The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet.

        It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.

        The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data.

        Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information.

        The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks.

        Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.

Question: What Is the Difference Between the Internet and the Web?

People commonly use the words "Internet" and "Web" interchangeably. This usage is technically incorrect.

Answer:

        The Internet and the World Wide Web have a whole-to-part relationship.

        The Internet is the large container, and the Web is a part within the container.

        It is common in daily conversation to abbreviate them as the "Net" and the "Web", and then swap the words interchangeably.

        But to be technically precise, the Net is the restaurant, and the Web is the most popular dish on the menu.


1: The Internet is a Big Collection of Computers and Cables.

The Internet is named for "interconnection of computer networks". It is a massive hardware combination of millions of personal, business, and governmental computers, all connected like roads and highways. The Internet started in the 1960's under the original name "ARPAnet". ARPAnet was originally an experiment in how the US military could maintain communications in case of a possible nuclear strike. With time, ARPAnet became a civilian experiment, connecting university mainframe computers for academic purposes. As personal computers became more mainstream in the 1980's and 1990's, the Internet grew exponentially as more users plugged their computers into the massive network. Today, the Internet has grown into a public spiderweb of millions of personal, government, and commercial computers, all connected by cables and by wireless signals.

No single person owns the Internet.

No single government has authority over its operations.

Some technical rules and hardware/software standards enforce how people plug into the Internet, but for the most part, the Internet is a free and open broadcast medium of hardware networking.

2: The Web Is a Big Collection of HTML Pages on the Internet.

        The World Wide Web, or "Web" for short, is that large software subset of the Internet dedicated to broadcasting HTML pages.

        The Web is viewed by using free software called web browsers.

        Born in 1989, the Web is based on hypertext transfer protocol, the language which allows you and me to "jump" (hyperlink) to any other public web page.

        There are over 40 billion public web pages on the Web today.

312. Web 3.0: The Third Generation Web

Web 3.0: The Third Generation Web

Overview

The Web is entering a new phase of evolution. There has been much debate recently about what to call this new phase. Some would prefer to not name it all, while others suggest continuing to call it “Web 2.0”. However, this new phase of evolution has quite a different focus from what Web 2.0 has come to mean.



 

Web 3.0

John Markoff of the New York Times recently suggested naming this third-generation of the Web, “Web 3.0”. This suggestion has led to quite a bit of debate within the industry.

Those who are attached to the Web 2.0 moniker have reacted by claiming that such a term is not warranted while others have responded positively to the term, noting that there is indeed a characteristic difference between the coming new stage of the Web and what Web 2.0 has come to represent.

However, most people in the Web industry would agree that Web 2.0 focuses on several major themes, including AJAX, social networking, folksonomies, lightweight collaboration, social bookmarking, and media sharing. While the innovations and practices of Web 2.0 will continue to develop, they are not the final step in the evolution of the Web.

In fact, there is a lot more in store for the Web. We are starting to witness the convergence of several growing technology trends that are outside the scope of what Web 2.0 has come to mean. These trends have been gestating for a decade and will soon reach a tipping point. At this juncture the third-generation of the Web will start.

 More Intelligent Web

The threshold to the third-generation Web will be crossed in 2007. At this juncture the focus of innovation will start shift back from front-end improvements towards back-end infrastructure level upgrades to the Web. This cycle will continue for five to ten years, and will result in making the Web more connected, more open, and more intelligent. It will transform the Web from a network of separately siloed applications and content repositories to a more seamless and interoperable whole.

Because the focus of the third-generation Web is quite different from that of Web 2.0, this new generation of the Web probably does deserve its own name. In keeping with the naming convention established by labeling the second generation of the Web as Web 2.0, I agree with John Markoff that this third-generation of the Web could be called Web 3.0.

Timeline and Definition

Web 3.0. Using the same pattern as the above Wikipedia definition, Web 3.0 could be defined as: “Web 3.0, a phrase coined by John Markoff of the New York Times in 2006, refers to a supposed third generation of Internet-based services that collectively comprise what might be called ‘the intelligent Web’ — such as those using semantic web, microformats, natural language search, data-mining, machine learning, recommendation agents, and artificial intelligence technologies — which emphasize machine-facilitated understanding of information in order to provide a more productive and intuitive user experience.”

Web 3.0 Expanded Definition. I propose expanding the above definition of Web 3.0 to be a bit more inclusive. There are actually several major technology trends that are about to reach a new level of maturity at the same time. The simultaneous maturity of these trends is mutually reinforcing, and collectively they will drive the third-generation Web. From this broader perspective,

Web 3.0 might be defined as a third-generation of the Web enabled by the convergence of several key emerging technology trends:

Ubiquitous Connectivity

• Broadband adoption
• Mobile Internet access
• Mobile devices

Network Computing

• Software-as-a-service business models
• Web services interoperability
• Distributed computing (P2P, grid computing, hosted “cloud computing” server farms such as Amazon S3)

Open Technologies

• Open APIs and protocols
• Open data formats
• Open-source software platforms
• Open data (Creative Commons, Open Data License, etc.)

Open Identity

• Open identity (OpenID)
• Open reputation
• Portable identity and personal data (for example, the ability to port your user account and search history from one service to another)

The Intelligent Web

• Semantic Web technologies (RDF, OWL, SWRL, SPARQL, Semantic application platforms, and statement-based datastores such as triplestores, tuplestores and associative databases)
• Distributed databases — or what I call “The World Wide Database” (wide-area distributed database interoperability enabled by Semantic Web technologies)
• Intelligent applications (natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, autonomous agents)

 Conclusion

Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic Web technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, and autonomous agents.
 

Web 3.0

Definitions of Web 3.0 vary greatly. Some^[71] believe its most important features are the Semantic Web and personalization. Focusing on the computer elements, Conrad Wolfram has argued that Web 3.0 is where "the computer is generating new information", rather than humans.^[72]
Andrew Keen, author of The Cult of the Amateur, considers the Semantic Web an "unrealisable abstraction" and sees Web 3.0 as the return of experts and authorities to the Web. For example, he points to Bertelsmann's deal with the German Wikipedia to produce an edited print version of that encyclopedia. CNN Money's Jessi Hempel expects Web 3.0 to emerge from new and innovative Web 2.0 services with a profitable business model.

Futurist John Smart, lead author of the Metaverse Roadmap, defines Web 3.0 as the first-generation Metaverse (convergence of the virtual and physical world),

a web development layer that includes

1.      TV-quality open video,

2.      3D simulations,

3.      Augmented reality,

4.      Human-constructed semantic standards, and

5.      Pervasive broadband,

6.      Wireless, and

7.      Sensors.

Web 3.0's early geosocial (Foursquare, etc.) and augmented reality (Layar, etc.) webs are an extension of Web 2.0's participatory technologies and social networks (Facebook, etc.) into 3D space. Of all its metaverse-like developments, Smart suggests Web 3.0's most defining characteristic will be the mass diffusion of NTSC-or-better quality video to TVs, laptops, tablets, and mobile devices, a time when "the internet swallows the television."
Smart considers Web 3.0 to be the Semantic Web and in particular, the rise of statistical, machine-constructed semantic tags and algorithms, driven by broad collective use of conversational interfaces, perhaps circa 2020.
David Siegel's perspective in Pull: The Power of the Semantic Web, 2009, is consonant with this, proposing that the growth of human-constructed semantic standards and data will be a slow, industry-specific incremental process for years to come, perhaps unlikely to tip into broad social utility until after 2020.
According to some Internet experts, Web 3.0 will enable the use of autonomous agents to perform some tasks for the user.
Rather than having search engines gear towards your keywords, the search engines will gear towards the user.
 Web 3.0
Web 3.0 is known as the third generation of World Wide Web.
It has everything that we could ever wish for. 
With the help of Web 3.0, web content was easily carried in the form of natural language.
It also consist of micro formats, natural language search, recommendation agents which are commonly known as AI i.e. Artificial Intelligence.

We can also find different attributes like

1.      Deductive Reasoning,

2.      Contextual Search,

3.      Evolution of 3D web,

4.      Personalized Search and

5.      Tailor made Search

which was not present in earlier versions.

Through such advancements in Web 3.0, we have become empowered to do many things that we may have never dreamed of. But this not the end, as with the time we will get to see more advancements in World Wide Web that will make internet surfing an amazing experience.

311. Web 1.0

Web 1.0

Web 1.0 was an early stage of the conceptual evolution of the World Wide Web, centered around a top-down approach to the use of the web and its user interface.
Socially, users could only view web-pages but not contribute to the content of the webpages. According to Cormode, G. and Krishnamurthy, B. (2008):
"content creators were few in Web 1.0 with the vast majority of users simply acting as consumers of content."
Technically, Web 1.0 webpage's information is closed to external editing. Thus, information is not dynamic, being updated only by the webmaster. Economically, revenue generated from the web was made by concentrating on the most visited WebPages, the head and software's cycle releases. Technologically, Web 1.0 concentrated on presenting, not creating so that user-generated content was not available.

History

The hyperlinks between webpages began with the release of the world wide web to the public in 1993,^[3] and describe the Web before the "bursting of the dot-com bubble" in 2001. Even so the terms web 1.0 and 2.0 were given birth together.
Web 2.0 capabilities were present in the days of Web 1.0.
Since 2004, the term "Web 2.0" characterizes the changes to the social web, especially the current business models of sites on the World Wide Web.

Characteristics

Terry Flew, in his 3rd Edition of New Media described what he believed to characterize the differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0:
"move from personal websites to blogs and blog site aggregation, from publishing to participation, from web content as the outcome of large up-front investment to an ongoing and interactive process, and from content management systems to links based on tagging (folksonomy)".
Flew believed it to be the above factors that form the basic change in trends that resulted in the onset of the Web 2.0 "craze".^[5]
The shift from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 can be seen as a result of technological refinements, which included such adaptations as "broadband, improved browsers, and AJAX, to the rise of Flash application platforms and the mass development of widgetization, such as Flickr and YouTube badges".
As well as such adjustments to the Internet, the shift from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 is a direct result of the change in the behavior of those who use the World Wide Web^.

Web 1.0 trends included worries over privacy concerns resulting in a one-way flow of information, through websites which contained "read-only" material. Now, during Web 2.0, the use of the Web can be characterized as the decentralization of website content, which is now generated from the "bottom-up", with many users being contributors and producers of information, as well as the traditional consumers.

To take an example from above, personal web pages were common in Web 1.0, and these consisted of mainly static pages hosted on free hosting services such as Geocities.
Nowadays, dynamically generated blogs and social networking profiles, such as MySpace and Face book, are more popular, allowing for readers to comment on posts in a way that was not available during Web 1.0.
At the TechNet Summit in November 2006, Reed Hastings, founder and CEO of Netflix, stated a simple formula for defining the phases of the Web:

“	Web 1.0 was dial-up, 50K average bandwidth, Web 2.0 is an average 1 megabit of bandwidth and Web 3.0 will be 10 megabits of bandwidth all the time, which will be the full video Web, and that will feel like Web 3.0.	”
—Reed Hastings

Web 1.0 design elements

Some design elements of a Web 1.0 site include:

• Static pages instead of dynamic user-generated content.
• The use of framesets.
• The use of tables to position and align elements on a page. These were often used in combination with "spacer" GIFs (1x1 pixel transparent images in the GIF format.)
• Proprietary HTML extensions such as the <blink> and <marquee> tags introduced during the first browser war.
• Online guest books.
• GIF buttons, typically 88x31 pixels in size promoting web browsers and other products.
• HTML forms sent via email. A user would fill in a form, and upon clicking submit their email client would attempt to send an email containing the form's details.

Web 1.0.

Web 1.0 was the first generation of the Web.

During this phase the focus was primarily on building the Web, making it accessible, and commercializing it for the first time.

Key areas of interest centered on protocols such as HTTP, open standard markup languages such as HTML and XML,

Internet access through ISPs,

1.      the first Web browsers,

2.      Web development platforms and tools,

3.      Web-centric software languages such as Java and Javascript,

4.      the creation of Web sites,

5.      the commercialization of the Web and

6.      Web business models, and

the growth of key portals on the Web.

·         Top 10 reasons why it should be called "web 1.0" or something similar

Incredibly, people are thinking this is the first big, huge, jump from what we had - but guess what? It's not the first time.

Top ten things that changed long before anybody even knew of "Web 2.0":

1) We went from ARPANET to the Internet.

2) We went from bulletin boards and a protocol called "gopher" to webpages and http.

3) We started using Hypertext Markup Language.

4) We started using XML & CSS instead of plain HTML.

5) Development of TCP/IP.

6) DNS instead of plain IP addresses.

7) Unicode instead of plain DOS text.

8) Email.

9) Instant Messaging.

10) Wireless access.

This isn't the first - and certainly won't be the last - time that we've experienced new technologies during the development of the Internet.

"Web 2.0" is simply a marketing tool and a name for the conferences of O'Reilly, pure and simple.