613. B. Ph TEXT IV – 1 PHRASAL VERBS

IV – 1    PHRASAL    VERBS

Act  for = to be representative for Act on = put into operation Act out = change an act into action Back cross = cross a plant with parent plant Back off = retreat Back up = moral and practical support Back out of = withdraw from a commitment Back down = withdraw oneself from Bear out = support Bear away = win a prize Bear up = remain brave under a strain Bear down on = approach rapidly Bear with = tolerate patiently Break away = that has separated Break into = enter a place without warning Break up = disturb Breakdown = failure Break off = stop suddenly Break with = stop being friends with Break in = enter suddenly Break out = start suddenly Buy in = withdraw an article Buy over = obtain by offering a bribe Buy into = obtain share in return for payment Buy off = get rid off by paying Carry back = take back in thought Carry over = be left over for future Carry on = continue Carry off = cause the end or death Carry through = get something done Cast about = look around/search for Cast in = throw into bargain Cast up = turn upward Cast away = abandon Cast out = drive out forcibly Cast aside = throw away as useless Cast off = untie, discard

Blow in = drop in unexpectedly Blow on = penalize Blow up = explode /enlarge Blow away = kill Blow off = get rid of Blow over = pass by or subside Blow into = enter suddenly Blow out = put out by a current of air Call down = scold Call off = cancel Call out = summon into service some purpose Call for = require one to do something Call on = pay a short visit Call  back = withdraw a word Call in = withdraw from circulation Call upon = make an appeal to some one Come across = meet by chance Come at = rush forward to attack Come down = lose position Come off = take place Come to = be equal to Come about = happen Come around = return to normal health Come by = obtain Come in for = be eligible to get Come through = get success Come up to = become equal to Come along = appear Come between = divide Come down upon = scold severely Come out with = speak out what happened Come up = enter in the agenda Be about = occupy oneself with Be off = go away Cut in = a piece added extra Cut down on = slow Cut away = fissure Cut out = a large figure Cut down = reduced in length Cut across = not to consider differences Check in = arrive at a hotel Check up = examination Check off = mark as to show for finishing Check out = finish formalities before exit

612. B. Ph TEXT III – 8 Information Transfer Cycle

III – 8      Information Transfer Cycle

Information Transfer Information transfer or presenting verbal accounts of facts and processes in pictorial form and conversely changing graphic representations to writing, involves learning how to0 restate a given body of material in different ways. Information transfer is used specifically in the contexts of narration, physical description, listing and classifying, comparison and contrast, showing cause and effect relationship and generalizing from   numerical data. Pictorial representation gives quick viewing of a large amount of data, easily un derstood than in written form and comparison becomes convenient. Information can be transferred in many ways.

1] Verbal :- 1] acts  2] ballads       3] seminars   4] conferences

2] Non-Verbal :- 5] signalling    6] semaphore           7] flags           8] lights         9] sound

3] Print Media :- 10] newspapers          11] magazines                       12] journals              13] pamphlets        14] wall posters             15] plux boards         16] books       17] booklets

4] e- Media :- 18] TV         b] FAX           19] radop       20] PTI          21] AP                        22] RATT               23] morse                      24] cell           25] Net

5] Visual Aids :- 26] graphs        27] pie-diagrams      28] bar graphs          29] histograms                             30] tree maps                31] circuits                32] block diagrams  33] writing diagrams                      34] pictorial form                       35] flow charts

6] Written Items :- 36] circulars           37] memos    38] reports    39] complaints                                 40] letters

7] Conventional Methods :- 41] postal           42] courier    43] messenger                      44] dove

8] Video :- 45] movie                    46] documentaries  47] VCDs       48] DVDs

9] Official :- 49] GO                      50] Ordinance                      51] Act

10] Science :- 52] satellites          53] internet  54] gadgets    55] pendrive  56] hard drive          

The selection of medium depends on the information to be transferred and the range or  people to

be informed.

A picture is a thousand words. So sometimes more information in an effective way can be transferred in a picture form than in words.

Actually each medium has its own advantage.

Another is that written form to be transferred into pictorial form or vice versa.

2.   Information transfer

In telecommunications, information transfer is the process of moving messages containing user information from a source to a sink via a Communication channel. In this sense, information transfer is equivalent to data transmission which highlights more practical, technical aspects.

The information transfer rate may or may not be equal to the transmission modulation rate.

Bidirectional information transfer is called information exchange.

611. B. Ph TEXT III – 6 Asking and Giving Directions

III – 6    Asking and Giving Directions

 

excuse me, could you tell me how to get to ...? the bus station excuse me, do you know where the ... is? post office I'm sorry, I don't know sorry, I'm not from around here I'm looking for ... this address are we on the right road for ...? Brighton is this the right way for ...? Ipswich do you have a map? can you show me on the map?   Giving directions to drivers follow the signs for ... the town centre Birmingham continue straight on past some traffic lights at the second set of traffic lights, turn left go over the roundabout take the second exit at the roundabout turn right at the T-junction go under the bridge go over the bridge you'll cross some railway lines ·

Giving directions it's this way it's that way you're going the wrong way you're going in the wrong direction take this road go down there take the first on the left take the second on the right turn right at the crossroads continue straight ahead for about a mile (one mile is approximately 1.6 kilometres) continue past the fire station you'll pass a supermarket on your left keep going for another ... hundred yards (about 91 metres) two hundred metres half mile (about 800 metres) kilometre it'll be ... on your left on your right straight ahead of you how far is it to ...? the airport how far is it to ... from here? the beach is it far? is it a long way? it's ... not far quite close quite a long way a long way on foot a long way to walk about a mile from here (one mile is approximately 1.6 kilometres)

A.

Go straight on. Then take the first left on to Green Street. Walk past the library and it’s the building next to the library on the left.  

B.

Go straight on. Go past the traffic lights. You will see a shop on the right. Go past that and it’s on the right next to the shop.  

C.

Go straight on. Go past the traffic lights and go straight on until you get to the roundabout. At the roundabout turn left. Go past the theatre. It’s the building next to the theatre, opposite the hospital.  

D.

Go straight on. Go past the traffic lights and take the second right on to King’s Road. Go past the bookshop. It’s the building next to the bookshop opposite the café.