1. HEAVEN’S GATE
Answers to Textual Questions
2[a] The writer found trees like apricot, willows, and poplars and the animals he found are wild asses or kiang and yak.
2[b] The author read books like Andrew Harvey’s Radiant Journey in Ladak. Through them he came to know the descriptions of Ladak before hand.
2[c] To his surprise the writer found Indian soldiers in their encampments. He also saw a sikh officer checking his passport at 15,000 feet.
2[d] It indicates that Ladak is a place visited by people from far off places. It is a cosmopolitan place.
2[e] Seeing the foreign visitors, the natives especially the youth are fast changing. They too are owning Suzukis, going to modern hotels, wearing latest fashions and are trying to ape the western.
2[f] This area is not immersed completely in modernization. So people of conventional type and modern type are seen here. Those who want to imitate or follow the modern trends and those who are contented to be in conventional life are together here.
EXTRA QUESTIONS
1Q. Why there is ice in Ladak ?
As we go ujp in troposphere for every 1 km ascent there will be a reduction of 6.4 o C temperature. As Ladak is located above 4.5 kms about 30o C temperature is reduced. That is why there is ice in Ladak.
2Q What are less in Ladak naturally?
As Ladak lies above 4.5 kms height oxygen is less, temperature is low and atmospheric pressure is also low.
3Q. What are the secrets of ladak ?
Ladak is full of secrets. There 1. Magnetic hill 2. Gurudwara Pathar Sahib 3. Different coloured mountains 4. Air crafts fly away from magnetic hill 5. Neolithic ruins are surprising things in Ladak.
4Q What are the tourist attractions in Ladak?
Ladakh means a land of high passes. It is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and culture. Ladakh is sometimes called “little Tibet”. It is a cosmopolitan tourist place. It fascinates tourists. It is a Buddhists’ city. Ladak is full of secrets. Magnetic hill , Gurudwara Pathar Sahib, different coloured mountains, air crafts fly away from magnetic hill, and neolithic ruins are surprising things in Ladak. Mountaineering, jeep safari, trekking, cycling, river rafting, magnetic hill, different coloured mountains, and neolithic ruins are the tourist attractions. Apart from these there are gompas, monasteries, Dharamshala the type of houses built on hills and passes which lure the tourists to visit this place again and again. The Indian Army men guard this area.
5Q Write about Tantrik Buddhism.
It is a special type of Buddhism introduced by Padmasambhava from Tibet. According to Buddhists Buddha himself was a great tantrik. Tantrik Buddhism consists of Heart Sutra, Lankavatara Sutra and Lotus Sutra. These Sutras belong to Mahayana Buddhism. Buddha preached these Sutras on vulture peak when he swung the Wheel of Law second time.
Om gate gate paragate parasamgate bodhi swaha
6Q Write the names of Buddha.
Buddha’s names were Siddhardha, Buddha, Tadhagatha, Sakyamuni and Bodhisatva.
7Q Write about Kashghar.
Kashghar is in karakoram range of Himalayas. It is in the desert on the dry eastern side of the Karakoram and Himalayan mountain ranges. Once it was a silk road. Here 80% of the people are Muslims. It is a desert, dry and dusty. Here we can see carts pulled by donkeys crowd the streets. Majority of the structures are mud and straw-covered rudimentary brick. A Complex of cultures of Asian, Arab, Turkish and Russian, are seen here. lIt is a place for great adventure and other-worldly. It is close to Pakistan.
8Q Write about Stok palace.
It is a four-storey palace. It was built in the 17th century. One of the rooms is converted into a museum. The palace is captivating. It rises from the edge of a hill overlooking the town and stretches out towards the indigo sky. The palace had nine storeys but it is now dilapidated and deserted. It was the home of the royal family until they were exiled to stok in the 1830s.This palace was built for kind Singge Namgyal.
Q “So much in Ladah lives in a different century from the one we know”. Elucidate.
9Q Give an account of the services rendered by Helena Norberg-Hodge to Ladakh.
Helena was the first Europen to settle in Leh. She started an ecology centre in 1975. Her intention is to protect the unique character of Ladakh. With the alliance of the local women she started a restaurant where only the traditional local food was served. She is an inspiration to the local people and they learnt a lot from her. It is her guidance which made them to say no to polythene, and requesting people not to buy anything from the multinational corporates. Her contribution to protect Ladakh’s indigenous culture.
10Q Ladak is an exotic destination. Explain.
Ladakh is an exotic destination where a high plateau, steep mountains and valleys abound. The route to Ladakh by road is through several scenic passes. “la” in the local ladakhi language means Mountain pass and Ladakh there fore means “land of passes”. You can find some of the highest motorable roads in the world in Ladakh which traverse these high passes and take you to exotic hidden loocations high in the Himalayas.`
11Q What is funny about yak?
Yak is so funny it has the skeleton of a bison, the hair of a goat, the tail of a horse, the head of a cow and the grunt of a pig.
Bits
1. The longest day is 21st June.
2. . The wild ass is called Kiang.
3. . The two humped camel is called Bactrian camels. 4. A flat bottomed valley is called is dune. 5. Tibet is often is called the last Shangrila. 6. Ladakh means a land of high passes. 7. Half of population in Ladakh are Muslims. 8. Ladakh is cosmopolitan place. 9. Their origin goes back to Alexander the great.
10. Leh was ruled by Sengge Nangyal in 17th century. 11. Electricity came there in Clinton’s tenure.
12. The palace is Stok palace. 13. Padmasambhava brought tantrik Buddhism to Ladakh.
14. A European who settled in Leh is Helena Norberg-hodge. 15. Helena opened an ecology centre.
16. Signs flying say “say no to polythene”. 17. Plastic bags are prohibited in Tibet.
18. Chinese leader was Mao. 19. Mao founded peoples’ liberation Army. 20. The coffee house is called Desert Rain. 21. The religious leader of Tibet is Dalai lama. 22. White house is the house of the president of America. 23. Vatican city is the centre for Roman Catholics of the world.
24. Ladakh has pakistan, Afghanistan, China and Tibet. 25. Ladak is sometimes called ‘little Tibet’.
26. The Buddhism found in Ladakh is Mahayana buddhism 27. Karakoram pass is a silk route.
28. The capital of Ladakh is Leh. 29. A guiding principle of survival at high altitude is ‘always have a cheerful attitude’. 30. The temple in Ladakh is called gompa. 31. The Buddhists temples spread the smell of yak butter. 32. Journey in Ladakh was written by Andrew Harvey. 33. The world’s last Shangri-La is Ladakh. 34. The temples of Ladakh mock gravity. 35. The two humped camel is called bactrian camel. 36. The last King of Ladakh is Choegyal jigmed Wangchuk Namgyal.
37. The great events of Ladkh is Tse-Chu. 38. Indo-Aryans’ have blue or green eyes. 39. The Muslim region of ladakh is kargil. 40. We need a visa to visit Ladakh.
SUMMARY
Ladakh means a land of high passes. It is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and culture. Ladakh is sometimes called “little Tibet”. It is a cosmopolitan tourist place. It fascinates tourists. It is a Buddhists’ city. Ladak is full of secrets. Magnetic hill , Gurudwara Pathar Sahib, different coloured mountains, air crafts fly away from magnetic hill, and neolithic ruins are surprising things in Ladak. Mountaineering, jeep safari, trekking, cycling, river rafting, magnetic hill, different coloured mountains, and neolithic ruins are the tourist attractions. Apart from these there are gompas, monasteries, Dharamshala the type of houses built on hills and passes which lure the tourists to visit this place again and again. The Indian Army men guard this area.
China attacked Tibet in 1950. The Tibetans came to Ladak as refugees. They mostly follow Mahayana Buddhism. Tantrik Buddhism introduced by Padmasambhava is practiced in this area. This place is opened for visitors since 1974 by the Indian government. One needs a passport to visit this place.
Ladakh is situated on the Himalayas. It lies at height of 15,000 feet. The temperature is very low. The roads are high and low. The lands are covered with snow. It has China, Tibet, pakistan and Afghanistan on its three sides as neighbours.
The various animals that are seen in this area are kiang, snow leopards, yak, bactrian camels, Ladak urial sheep, argali sheep, brown bears, hares, etc. The birds ae brahmini duck, bar headed goose, black necked crane, raven, golden eagle etc.
We can see both conventional and modern type of cultures parallelly moving in this area. The youngsters follow western type of fashions. The hotels are named as Desert rain, Hotel California etc.
Ladakh is called heaven’s gate for its beautiful landscapes, snowfields, temples, and blue sky.
Page No. 7 to 12
PARAGRAPH WRITING :-
DESCRIPTIONS:-
[a] OBJECTS:-
1. Washing Machine:- given in the text p.9
2. Transformer:-Transformer is a device which steps up or steps down the voltage. It has a primary side and a secondary side. Primary side is the one towards which mains connection is given. Secondary side is the one from where we get the required out put. If both the step up and step down provisions are in one then it is called stabiliser.
Transformers are of many varieties such as audio transformer, vedio transformer, eliminator, etc.
3. Microwave oven:- see text p. 11. 1[a]
4. Euthanasia. P.7
[b] PROCESSES
1. Photosynthesis:- It is a process in which green leaves absorb CO2. That CO2 is split into carbon and oxygen in the presence of sun light. That carbon is preserved by the tree in the form of starch. Oxygen is sent back into the atmosphere. Thus oxygen ratio is balanced in the atmosphere. In order to maintain proper balance in the atmosphere photosynthesis is a must. So we should grow more and more trees.
2. Nitrogen fixation :- see text p.10
3. Radio Broadcasting :- It is a process in which our voice is converted into electrical signal by microphone. Amplifier produces a carrier wave. Our audio is converted into electrical form and modulation is done. Modulation means imposing audio signal on the carrier wave. This modulated wave is transmitted into space by a transmitter. At the receiving end the electromagnetic modulated signal is demodulated. After demodulation audio goes to the speaker and carrier goes to the earth. Thus in radio broadcasting the audio signal is sent from one place to another place.
4. Photography :- see text p.11 1[b]
Page No. 13.
1. Greeting:-
Hello, How are you?, How do you do? Good morning. Good evening
Good afternoon Hai
2. Taking leave :- may I go. Meet you again. See you again. Bye
3. Introducing :- See text p.16
Page No. 16
Nouns:- Noun is the name of a place, person or thing.
Noun – types .There are two types of nouns. They are 1. Countable nouns 2. Uncountable nouns
Noun – Kinds. There are five kinds of nouns.
They are 1.proper noun 2. Common noun 3. Collective noun 4. Material noun
And 5. Abstract noun.
For explanation see text p. 17, 18
Noun—Number.
There are two numbers. 1. Singular no. 2. Plural no.
There are many ways to form singular no. into plural No.
NOUN-NUMBER
1. By adding “-s”
Boy, girl, book, rod, tree, pencil, pen,
2. By adding “-es” to words which end with “s”, “ss”, “sh”
Bus, bush, tax, box, bench, torch, coach, touch, mass, fax, wish, dish, bush, class, pass, glass,
3.By removing “f”, “lf”, “fe” and adding “ves”
Leaf, calf, wife, leaf, life, knife,
4.By removing “y’ and adding “ies”
Baby, lady, city, story, sky,
5.By adding “en”
Ox, fox,
6.By changing “a” into “e”
Man, woman, postman, postwoman,
7.By changing “oo” into “ee”
Tooth, foot, goose,
8.By changing “ouse” into “ice”
Mouse, louse,
9.For compound words-1
Father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law,
10.For compound words-2
Step-father, step-mother, maid-servant, man-servant, class-room
11.Always singular
Physics, mathematics, news, innings, tidings,
12.Always plural
Scissors, spectacles, trousers, drawers, measles, nuptials,
13.Singular and plural same.
Sheep, deer, swine, cod, fish,
14.Uncountables become countables
Rice is uncountable, but when it is poured in bags it becomes countable.
Two bags of rice, five cups of tea, four cans of water, two tucks of sand
15.Pronouns
I-we, he-they, she-they, one-many,
16.Foreign words
Medium-media, erratum-errata, axis-axes, radius-radii, formula-formulae, index-indicies, crisis-crises,
Page No.20
CORRECT THE FOLLOWING
1.The news are good. 2. The poetries of Keats is very inspiring. 3. She has a beautiful furniture in her house. 4. Billards are a fine game. 5. We saw the young dancing happily in the music hall. 6. He went to market and bought some fishes.
7. The boy said that the table’s leg was broken. 8. Gopal says that Sarala is his cousin sister. 9. Shankar told us that he was thirty five years. 10. How many females are there in your college. 11. One must look after his children carefully.
12. The two sisters love one another very much. 13. She says that she is taller than me. I do not know who he wants to meet. 14. The tree’s branch is broken.
15. He brought a ten rupees note. 16. There are five sheeps. 17. The flower garland cost Rs. 100/- 18. The wages of sin are death. 19. The cattles are grazing.
20. Put your sign here.
Page No. 20 to 24
Pronouns
1. The man …….stands near to the gate is our principal. 2. My brother bought a house………..belonged to Mr. Rao. 3. He found the book……….was lost yesterday.
4. Prabhakaran …………was the leader of the LTTE was shot dead. 5. I don’t know from………..he comes. 6. It is a surprise to us to know ………. Rama went there.
7. The police arrested…….. students ………… burnt the bus. 8. KCR……… was fasting unto death was admitted in the hospital. 9. The management has stopped the salary of………, …….. have not deposited …….. originals. 10. The servant …….. you sent to me is not reliable. 11. They support ………….their leader does. 12. Buy such flowers are attractive and colourful. 13.Give me ……….., ……… you have stolen. 14. He----- has money can go to USA. 15. ………. asked money from you. 16. Small states -------are economically poor cannot develop. 17. Take anything………you liked. 18. He will be a ruler…………. ,serves well.
Page No. 21
Noun – Case
Subjective case objective case possessive case
I me my mine
We us our ours
You you your yours
He him his --
She her her hers
It it its --
They them their theirs
Rama Rama Rama’s --
Boys boys boys’ --
Page No. 24
HOMOPHONES
Homophones are those words which have same pronunciation with different spelling and meaning.
| Sun-son Read - reed Wet-whet meat-meet, role-roll cast-caste vat-VAT shall-shell heal-heel verse-worse bear-bare tire-tyre reign - rein desert-dessert | Sum-some New-knew suit-soot-suite rule-rool wait-weight what-watt cell-sell his-hiss but-butt bow-bough story-storey road - rode lose-loose were-wer | None-nun break-brake veil-veal-wheel bite-bight-byte cot-caught blue-blew cite-site-sight ore-oar tow-toe calf-cough week-weak veld x weld peace-piece toe - tow | Weather-whether check-cheque hole-whole rite-right-write pore-pour peel-peal in-inn way-weigh root-route pole-poll steal-steel I - eye Die –dye Discus – discuss | |
HOMONYMS
A single word giving many meanings .
Post = 1.vacancy 2. Send 3. After 4. Small pillar 5. Place 6. Enter
Pass = 1. Get through 2. Way among hills 3. Permit
Right = 1. Fundamental right 2. Right hand 3. Correct 4. Ok
Similarly there are many words which give more than one meaning.
Hang, hand, roll, saw, bar, light, will, bear, book, coat, cover
HOMOGRAPHS
A single word when pronounced differently gives different meanings.
Wind, can, minute, are, project, lead, contract, conduct, good, live
Exercise on Homophones.
1. The ……….he wore is costly. The ………. In Taj is costly. The …….of light.
2. Do the……….. and find the………….
3. In order to……….. the logs of………… you need permit.
4. To…………. the given wooden piece, it should not be ………
5. First of all ………. What you don’t………
6. The wheat……….. fell on the………….
7. According to Hindu……….the dead body is cremated. You need not fight for such a ………….
8. To …….. this vast ……. You shou go into space.
9. To ……. The landlord the worker brought some………
10. He ……….., imported …………. from his shop.
Page No. 26
SYNONYMS
Lady woman, madam, wife, beauty, widow, fiancee, love, bride, brunette, dame, blonde, damsel, eve, xanthippe, matron,
See look, glance, glare, stare, peep, peek, leer, glimpse, gaze, gape,
Beautiful attractive, handsome, winsome, dainty, elegant, exquisite,. Charming, glorious, fine, nice, goodlooking, pretty, cute
Ugly deformed, disfigured, grim, horrible, nasty, awful, dirty, filthy,
Group assembly, galaxy, parliament, class, throng, mob, clan, force, gang
Burn char, roast, fry, cremate, ignite,
Leader organiser, captatin, chieftain, master, supremo, ayatollah, boss
Destroy annihilate, smash, destroy, demolish sabotage, shatter, devastate
Begin start, launch, introduce, inaugurate, unveil, activate, initiate,
End terminate, finish, txterminate, abolish, close, culminate, conclude
Make compose, frame, prepare, shape, create,
Big ample, colosal, enormous, gigantic, great, massive, titanic
Believe trust,
Shiver tremble,. Shake, quiver, vibrate, oscillate,
Real true, pragmatic, in fact,
Page No. 28
ANTONYMS
Im- possible x impossible, perfect, pure, mature, measurable, moral, mortal, movable, pair, passable, patient, perfect, polite, proper, purity
In- ability x inability accurate, action, adequate, applicable, audible, capable, correct, curable, decent, decision, determinate, dependent, digestion, direct, divisible, effciency, famous, feasible, fertile, finite, glorious, human, operative, sincere, stable, subordinate, viable,
Il- legal x illegal legitimacy, liberal, literate, logical
Ill- famed x ill-famed luck, looking, feeling, behave, logical, paid, spent, tempered, treat, will, wisher
Ir- regular x irregular religious, reparable, relevant, remediable, rational
Mal- practice x malparactice administation, content, formation, treatment
Mis- use x misuse advise, apply, appropriate, arange, behave, belief, calculation, carry, conduct, count, deed fortune, govern, lead, management, place, spell, state, trust. Understand,
Non- vegetarian x non-vegetarian acquaintance, appearance, arrival, essential, payment, plus, resident, resistant, violence, co-operation
Un- able x unable aided, armed, authorise, asked, attended, aware, easy, comfortable, common, concerned, cover, dated, divided, easy, educated, employed, equal, fair, faithful, familiar,
De- compose x decompose bark, form, generate, graded, merit, mobilise, nationalise, magnetise,
Dis- connect x disconnect able, advantage, agree, appear, approval, arrange, belief, close, connect, courage, please, prove, regard, satisfaction
-less taste x tasteless use, taste, worth, thank, heart, care, hope, help, Believe x disbelive, shiver x steady near
Exercise on Antonyms:-
1. The desert soil is …….…….where as black cotton soil is………
2. Never ……… money without proof. Don’t ………..money for business.
3. Mao wanted to ……… the people, and the people………..
4. My friend is ………..but his gandson is…………..
5. The thief wants to ………….. it but the police ………. It to the media.
6. While conducting exams our principal is …………. But the teachers are………
7. In India …………. Population is higher than…………… population.
8. Gold is a………………metal whereas iron is …………
9. The lion is a …………….animal whereas the cow is a…………….animal..
10. The fox is a …………..animal but the dog is a ……………. Animal.
| Near by x far off edge x centre dry x wet before x after, valley x plateau reality x virtuality associated x disassociated make x mar honking x silent Absent x present, barren x fertile good x bad benign x malign blunt x sharp broad x narrow cautious x rash cheap x dear clever x stupid cruel x kind deep x shallow vertical x horizontal arrive x depart brave x coward giant x dwarf hope x despair | acute x obtuse, difficult x easy diligent x idle docile x stubborn economical x extravagant fickle x stubborn final x initial foolish x wise inferior x superior intentional x accidental permanent x temporary condemn x approve contract x expand persuade x dissuade proceed x receed punish x reward put x remove raise x lower remember x forget retire x advance adversity x prosperity order x disorder like x unlike ancient x modern | alive x dead keen x dull innocent x guilty lazy x industrious lenient x severe liberal x mean particular xgeneral same x different savage x civilised strange x familiar sweet x bitter uniform x variable rise x fall throw x catch always x seldom early x late far x near friend x foe far x near never x ever joy x sorrow haste x delay exit x entrance static x dynamic | base x nobel attack x defend care x neglect big x small fair x foul clean x dirty cold x hot wild x mild dry x wet false x true fresh x stale glad x sad heavy x light hard x soft loud x low mad x sane strict x lax pretty x ugly urban x rural make x mar dawn x dusk fact x fiction peace x war to x fro |
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