CARBON COMPOUNDS - I

CARBON  COMPOUNDS - I

AMINO  ACIDS

1.      Alanine                        – ala

2.      Arginine                      – arg

3.      Asparagines                 – asn

4.      Aspartic acid               – asp

5.      Cysteine                      – cys

6.      Glutanic acid               – glu

7.      Glutamine                   - glu

8.      Glycine                        – gly

9.      Histidine                     – his

10.  Isoleucine                    – ile

11.  Leucine                       – leu

12.  Lysine                         – lys

13.  Methionine

14.  Phenylalanine              – phe

15.  Proline                         – pro

16.  Serine                          – ser

17.  Threonine                    – thr

18.  Tryptophan                  – thr

19.  Tyrosine                      – tyr

20.  Valine                          – val

 Amino acids are 20 in number but they form thousands of proteins.

VITAMINS

Vit. A                                                  C₂₀H₂₉OH

Vit. B₂               Lactoflovin                 C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆

B₁₂                                                                         C₆₃H₉₀O₁₄N₁₄PCO

F                       Folic Acid                   C₁₇H₃₃COOH

G                     riboflavin

H                     biotin                           C₁₀H₁₆O₃N₂S

K

M                     folic acid                     C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₆

C                     ascorbic acid               C₆H₈O₆

PROTEINS CONTAIN

C   47 TO 50 %

H    6 to 7 %

O    25 %

N    16 to 17 %

S     .2 to .3 %

P,  I,  Fe,  …

ESSENTIAL AMINO    ACIDS = 9

Leucine

Isoleucine

Lysine

Methionine

Phenylalanine

Threonine

Valine

Tryptophan

Histidine

These must be supplied through diet.

RELATIVE SWEETNESS

Lactose       16

Maltose       32

Galactose    32

Glucose       74

Sugar        100

Fructose   173

MOLECULAR  WEIGHT

Insulin                 35000  to 40000

Hemoglobin                   60000  to  70000

NON- ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

1.      Arginine

2.      Asparaginic acid

3.      Serine

4.      Glutanic acid

5.      Proline

6.      Glycine

These are synthesized in our body.

AMINO ACIDS CONTENT

Blood          574

PROTEINS

Collagen = found in bone and skin.

Keratin = makes hair and nails.

Fibrin = helps clot blood

Elastin = major part of ligaments

Nerves = communication.

Harmones = control body functions.

Antibodies = fight infection.

Enzymes = act as catalysts. Speed up chemical reactions.

Hemoglobin = carries oxygen into the blood

liver  = Plasma proteins 

Pancreas = beta cells

MINERALS

Na – it is the chief cation of extracellular body.

Urinary alkanizer. Anti fungal agent.

K – urinary alkanizer.  Antifungal

P – bones and tissues.

Mg – activity of enzymes. Is an antacid

S – diseases of the skin, antifungal

Fe – present in Hemoglobin. Constituent of respiratory enzymes. Anema,

loss of appetitie

I – for synthesis of thyroid harmones

Au – all its compounds are poisonous

Ca – for bones. Good for heart, nerves, muscles. For blood coagulation

Zn –

ALCOHOL  %

Beer                               4 to 7

Wine                              10 to 14

Rum                               15 to 40

Brandy                           40 to 50

Whisky                           40 to 50

Gin                                 40 to 50

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

-OH            alcohol

-COOH       acids

-NH₂           amine

-CHO        aldehyde

-CO-         ketone

-O-           ether

-COO-      ester

-CN-         cyanide

-CONH₂   amide

Alanine       =        CH3CH[NH2]COOH          M.Wt.          89.1

Asparagines          NH₂COCH₂CH[NH₂]COOH                 132.1

Arginine      NH₂C[NH]NH[CH₂]₃CH[NH₂]COOH              174.2

Histadine    C₃H₃N₂CH₂CH[NH₂]COOH                           155.2