SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

SATELLITE  COMMUNICATION

Def:-    An object that goes around a planet is called satellite. The satellite is of two types;                         1.artificial and 2. natural.

The natural satellite is called “moon”.

USES:-

The artificial satellite is the one sent by man into orbit to meet some of his works like,

1. Remote Sensing

2. Weather Forecasting,

3. Pollution Study

4. Internet,

5. DTH,

6. Tele-Medicine,

7. Tele-Education,

8. Multimedia, 

9. Interactive Video

COST:-

Generally a satellite costs 300 million dollars.

SATELLITE SYSTEMS:-

1.         The largest international system:-

                        Eg. Intelsat group= international telecommunication satellite

2.         The domestic satellite system:-

                        Eg. Domsat

3.         Polar orbiting satellite system :-

Satellite Regions:

Region I          :- Europe, Africa, USSR, Mangolia

Region II         :- North America, South America, South west pacific

Region III       :- Asia, Austrilia, Southwest pacific

Various types of Satellites:-

1.      Fixed Satellites, 

2.      Broad casting Satellites,  

3.      Mobile Satellites,  

4.      Navigational Satellites, 

5.      Meteorological Satellites

Frequencies :-

A satellite function on

VHF,

UHF,

L, S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, V, W, mm, or Um, bands.

All these frequencies are in GHz.

INTELSAT :-

1. This organization was created in 1964.
2. At present it has 140 member countries.
3. It has 40 investing countries.
4. In 2001 it became a private Company.
5. It is sent into geostationary orbit.
6. This orbit is in circular shape.
7. This Satellite has a capacity of handling 80,000 voice channels two way.
8. Its life time is 14 to 17 years.
9. It travels in the speed of the Earth so that it always be in the same place. 
10. It gets it power supply from solar cells. Solar cells are embedded on its entire body.
11. Three geostationary Satellites are enough to cover the entire the Earth.

Satellites:-

            Satellites receive signals and also retransmit them to the Earth. The uplink and down link frequencies are different.

            Eg. Asian Cellular System. It has up link 1625 to 1660 MHz and down link 1525 to 1559 MHz. 

One advantage of these satellites is that they can communicate with each other. 

UNO:- [Geneva Regulations] It is the authority  to permit to launch a satellite, frequency that it should use, and the type and so on.

            Day by day the importance of satellite is increasing. Satellite which is a type of artificial intelligence has become a part and parcel of human beings.